Distinguish four major physiographic belts in the East African landscape and explain how each belt affects land tenure and farm patterns.

1. Explain how each belt affects land tenure and farm patterns. (1 mk)

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Explain four economic incentives or social norms that contribute to persistent high birth rates within certain Tanzanian communities.

1. Explain four economic incentives or social norms that contribute to persistent high birth rates within certain Tanzanian communities. (1 mk)

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List four infrastructural or behavioural factors that increase infant mortality in remote Tanzanian villages, and suggest a mitigation action for each.

1. Suggest a mitigation action for each. (1 mk)

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Explain the advantages of using electronic distance-measuring devices in land surveys compared with traditional pacing and chain surveys.

1. Explain the advantages of using electronic distance-measuring devices in land surveys compared with traditional pacing and chain surveys. (1 mk)

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Discuss four economic outputs or industries sustained by glacially-formed terrain in northern Europe, and why glaciation favored those industries.

1. Explain why glaciation favored those industries. (1 mk)

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Examine two direct economic benefits and two social-environmental costs of expanding hospitality and leisure services in Tanzania.

1. Examine two social-environmental costs of expanding hospitality and leisure services in Tanzania. (1 mk)

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(a) Give a working definition of environmental contamination. (b) Present a scheme to classify contamination by effect severity and by source type. (c) Provide an example of industrial contamination and one immediate remedial step.

1. Give a working definition of environmental contamination. (1 mk)
2. Present a scheme to classify contamination by effect severity and by source type. (1 mk)
3. Provide an example of industrial contamination and one immediate remedial step. (1 mk)

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(a) Define pollution as used in environmental studies. (b) List four dominant pollution forms affecting coastal towns. (c) Choose one form and explain two short-term impacts on fisheries.

1. Define pollution as used in environmental studies. (1 mk)
2. List four dominant pollution forms affecting coastal towns. (1 mk)
3. Choose one form and explain two short-term impacts on fisheries. (1 mk)

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Identify four engineering and geographic requirements for a commercially viable hydroelectric facility, and briefly explain each.

1. Briefly explain each. (1 mk)

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Describe four ways geography teaching prepares students to participate in land-use planning and natural-resource decisions in Tanzania.

1. Describe four ways geography teaching prepares students to participate in land-use planning and natural-resource decisions in Tanzania. (1 mk)

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