Explain the importance of each of the following in plant pathology: (a) Pathogen (b) Inoculum (c) Vector (d) Epiphytotic (e) Symptom

1. Explain the importance of a Pathogen in plant pathology. (4 mk)
2. Explain the importance of Inoculum in plant pathology. (4 mk)
3. Explain the importance of a Vector in plant pathology. (4 mk)
4. Explain the importance of an Epiphytotic in plant pathology. (4 mk)
5. Explain the importance of a Symptom in plant pathology. (4 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Discuss the economic importance of three common fungal diseases in cereals, including their symptoms and control measures.

1. Discuss the economic importance, symptoms, and control measures of a third common fungal disease in cereals. (6 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Explain the purpose of applying each of the following in pesticide formulations: (a) Surfactants (b) Emulsifiers (c) Diluents (d) Adjuvants (e) Stickers

1. Explain the purpose of surfactants in pesticide formulations. (4 mk)
2. Explain the purpose of emulsifiers in pesticide formulations. (4 mk)
3. Explain the purpose of diluents in pesticide formulations. (4 mk)
4. Explain the purpose of adjuvants in pesticide formulations. (4 mk)
5. Explain the purpose of stickers in pesticide formulations. (4 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Differentiate between complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis in insect pests, giving two examples for each.

1. Give two examples of insect pests that undergo incomplete metamorphosis. (5 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Explain the term balanced ration and state five factors to consider when formulating a balanced ration for high-yielding dairy cows.

1. State five factors to consider when formulating a balanced ration for high-yielding dairy cows. (15 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Briefly describe the roles of four macro-minerals in an animal's body.

1. Describe the role of Sodium (Na) in an animal's body. (5 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Discuss three nutritional disorders in livestock, including their causes, symptoms, and prevention.

1. Discuss a third nutritional disorder in livestock, including its causes, symptoms, and prevention. (6 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Explain the importance of forage preservation and briefly describe two methods of making hay.

1. Briefly describe two methods of making hay. (10 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Differentiate between rotational grazing and continuous grazing, stating three advantages and three disadvantages for each.

1. Define and list three advantages and three disadvantages of continuous grazing. (10 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.