Colours are produced when white light passes through glass prism because

Which of the following statements is true when the resistance, R, of a wire is measured using an ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat?

For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in the answer booklet provided. (i) The rate of change of displacement is called ___________ (ii) The process whereby the eye can alter its focal length in order to form images of objects at different distances is known as ___________ (iii) The rule used to deduce the direction of the magnetic field lines due to solenoid or a circular coil is called ___________ (iv) The function of an induction coil is to produce ____________. (v) The wheatstone bridge is an electric device used to measure ____________. (vi) A force which causes anticlockwise rotation is said to have a positive ____________. (vii) The kinetic theory of matter has been used to account for elasticity, surface tension and ____________. (viii) The quality of a note produced by a musical instrument depends on its fundamental frequency and ___________ (ix) The name given to the collection of heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun is ____________. (x) The increase in the average temperature of the world’s atmosphere refers to ____________.

1. The region nearest the earth of which most weather phenomenon occur. (1 mk)
2. The rate of change of displacement is called ____________. (1 mk)
3. The process whereby the eye can alter its focal length in order to form images of objects at different distances is known as ____________. (1 mk)
4. The layer in which the ozone layer is found. (1 mk)
5. The boundary which separates stratosphere and other layers. (1 mk)
6. The rule used to deduce the direction of the magnetic field lines due to solenoid or a circular coil is called ____________. (1 mk)
7. The boundary which separates troposphere and stratosphere. (1 mk)
8. The function of an induction coil is to produce ____________. (1 mk)
9. The region found in exosphere where satellites orbit the earth. (1 mk)
10. The wheatstone bridge is an electric device used to measure ____________. (1 mk)
11. A force which causes anticlockwise rotation is said to have a positive ____________. (1 mk)
12. The outermost region of the atmosphere. (1 mk)
13. The kinetic theory of matter has been used to account for elasticity, surface tension and ____________. (1 mk)
14. The quality of a note produced by a musical instrument depends on its fundamental frequency and ____________. (1 mk)
15. The collective name given to troposphere and stratosphere. (1 mk)
16. The name given to the collection of heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun is ____________. (1 mk)
17. The layer just above the stratosphere in which most meteors burn while entering the earth’s atmosphere. (1 mk)
18. The increase in the average temperature of the world’s atmosphere refers to ____________. (1 mk)
19. The layer of gases containing numerous small suspended solid and liquid particles that surrounds the earth. (1 mk)

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(a) (i) What effect does an increase in temperature have on the density of most liquids? (ii) Explain the procedure of using methylated spirit, water and a pendulum bob to find the relative density of spirit. (b) (i) State Archimedes’ Principle. (ii) Briefly explain why does a ship sink deeper in fresh water than in sea water? (c) When a piece of wood is put in a graduated cylinder containing water, the level of the water rises from 17.7cm³ to 18.5cm³. Calculate the (i) Mass of a piece of wood. (ii) Total volume of a piece of wood given that its relative density is 0.60.

1. What effect does an increase in temperature have on the density of most liquids? (1 mk)
2. Explain the procedure of using methylated spirit, water and a pendulum bob to find the relative density of spirit. (3 mk)
3. The rule used to deduce the direction of the magnetic field lines due to solenoid or a circular coil is called __________. (1 mk)
4. State Archimedes’ Principle. (1 mk)
5. Briefly explain why does a ship sink deeper in fresh water than in sea water? (2 mk)
6. The function of an induction coil is to produce ____________. (1 mk)
7. Calculate the mass of a piece of wood. (1 mk)
8. The wheatstone bridge is an electric device used to measure ____________. (1 mk)
9. Calculate the total volume of a piece of wood given that its relative density is 0.60. (2 mk)
10. A force which causes anticlockwise rotation is said to have a positive ____________. (1 mk)
11. The quality of a note produced by a musical instrument depends on its fundamental frequency and ___________. (1 mk)
12. The name given to the collection of heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun is ____________. (1 mk)
13. The increase in the average temperature of the world’s atmosphere refers to ____________. (1 mk)

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(a) Define the following terms: (i) Coefficient of superficial expansion. (ii) Anomalous expansion of water. (b) (i) How much heat is needed to change 340g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C? (ii) What is the name of heat lost by ice in (b) (i) above? (c) An iron rivet of radius 8.95mm at 20°C is to be inserted into the hole of iron plate of radius 8.92mm at 20°C. What temperature must the rivet be heated in order to fit into the hole?

1. Define the coefficient of superficial expansion. (2 mk)
2. Define anomalous expansion of water. (2 mk)
3. Explain the procedure of using methylated spirit, water and a pendulum bob to find the relative density of spirit. (4 mk)
4. How much heat is needed to change 340g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C? (2 mk)
5. What is the name of heat lost by ice in (b) (i) above? (1 mk)
6. An iron rivet of radius 8.95mm at 20°C is to be inserted into the hole of iron plate of radius 8.92mm at 20°C. What temperature must the rivet be heated in order to fit into the hole? (3 mk)

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(a) (i) State two ways in which the image formed in plane mirror differs from that in a pin hole camera. (ii) What is the effect of moving the pinhole camera closer to the object? (b) (i) List three rules used to locate images in curved mirrors. (ii) Give two similarities and two differences that exist between the human eye and a lens camera. (c) A mirage is often seen by a motorist as a pool of water on the road some distance ahead. (i) Draw a sketch diagram to show the formation of such a mirage. (ii) Briefly explain how mirage is formed.

1. State two ways in which the image formed in plane mirror differs from that in a pin hole camera. (2 mk)
2. What is the effect of moving the pinhole camera closer to the object? (1 mk)
3. Briefly explain why does a ship sink deeper in fresh water than in sea water? (2 mk)
4. List three rules used to locate images in curved mirrors. (3 mk)
5. Give two similarities and two differences that exist between the human eye and a lens camera. (2 mk)
6. Draw a sketch diagram to show the formation of such a mirage. (1 mk)
7. Briefly explain how mirage is formed. (1 mk)

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(a) (i) What is meant by the internal resistance of a cell? (ii) Distinguish between a cell and a battery. (b) (i) Draw a well labeled diagram of a dry cell (Leclanche). (ii) Identify three disadvantages of a Leclanche cell over a lead-acid accumulators. (c) The current of 3.0A passes through a coil of resistance 5Ω connected to the terminals of a cell of constant e.m.f, E (Volt) and internal resistance, r (ohm). If a uniform wire of length, L (cm) is joined across the ends of a 5Ω coil to form a parallel arrangement of resistance 4Ω , the current is reduced to 0.25A. Determine the (i) internal resistance of a cell. (ii) e.m.f of a cell.

1. What is meant by the internal resistance of a cell? (1 mk)
2. Distinguish between a cell and a battery. (2 mk)
3. Total volume of a piece of wood given that its relative density is 0.60. (3 mk)
4. Draw a well labeled diagram of a dry cell (Leclanche). (3 mk)
5. Identify three disadvantages of a Leclanche cell over a lead-acid accumulators. (2 mk)
6. Determine the internal resistance of a cell. (1 mk)
7. Determine the e.m.f of a cell. (2 mk)

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(c) Complete the following equations and for each name the type of decay. (i) 226Ra →_________ + 222Rn. 88 86 (ii) 222Rn →2 0e +_________. 86 −1

1. 226Ra →_________ + 222Rn. (0 mk)
2. Define nuclear fission. (2 mk)
3. 222Rn →2 0e +_________. (0 mk)
4. Mention two products of nuclear fission. (1 mk)
5. What effect does the radiation B has on the nucleus of an atom? (0 mk)

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(a) What is meant by the following terms? (i) Asteroids. (ii) Astronomy. (b) Distinguish between: (i) Constellations and a galaxy. (ii) Meteor and meteorites. (c) (i) Mention two types of tides. (ii) With the aid of diagram, describe how ocean tides are formed.

1. What is meant by the term Astronomy. (0 mk)
2. Distinguish between Meteor and meteorites. (0 mk)
3. With the aid of diagram, describe how ocean tides are formed. (0 mk)

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(a) (i) List four main parts of a ripple tank. (ii) What role does a stroboscope play in a ripple tank experiment? (b) (i) Explain why there are four strings of different thickness in a violin? (ii) What does a violinist do to change the note emitted by a particular string? (c) (i) Briefly explain how a resonance tube works. (ii) Calculate the frequency of vibration in a resonance tube of shortest length of 0.22m when the next resonance length is 0.47m.

1. What role does a stroboscope play in a ripple tank experiment? (0 mk)
2. What does a violinist do to change the note emitted by a particular string? (0 mk)
3. Calculate the frequency of vibration in a resonance tube of shortest length of 0.22m when the next resonance length is 0.47m. (0 mk)

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(a) (i) State the functions of the hair springs in a moving coil galvanometer. (ii) Explain why moving coil galvanometer is unsuitable for measuring alternating currents. (b) (i) Draw the magnetic field lines pattern in a horizontal plane due to a current carrying straight conductor when a d.c flows through it. (ii) What would happen on the pattern if a.c were used instead of d.c? (c) (i) What should be done in order to increase the speed of rotation in a d.c electric motor? (ii) An electric motor is connected by cable to a generator and produce a current of 10A at 240V. Calculate the resistance of the cable.

1. Explain why moving coil galvanometer is unsuitable for measuring alternating currents. (0 mk)
2. What would happen on the pattern if a.c were used instead of d.c? (0 mk)
3. An electric motor is connected by cable to a generator and produce a current of 10A at 240V. Calculate the resistance of the cable. (0 mk)

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