You have been provided with specimen X which has been exposed to direct sunlight for 5 hours while attached to the mother plant. Also, you are provided with methylated spirit and iodine solution. Use them to perform the experiment in procedures (i) - (iv), then answer the questions that follow: Procedure (i) Put specimen X in the beaker and boil it for 3 minutes, then remove it. (ii) Dip the boiled specimen X into test tube containing methylated spirit and place the test tube in a beaker of boiling water for about 5 minutes. Observe the changes. (iii) Remove specimen X from hot methylated spirit and rinse it with warm water. Note the texture of the specimen when removed from hot methylated spirit and after rinsing with warm water. (iv) Put the rinsed specimen X on a white tile and add 3 drops of iodine solution on the surface of the specimen. Observe the changes.

1. What was the aim of the experiment? (2 mk)
2. Why specimen X boiled in water for about 4 minutes? (2 mk)
3. Identify the observation made when specimen X boiled in methylated spirit. (2 mk)
4. Briefly explain one importance for each of the following: (4 mk)
5. Putting specimen X in hot methylated spirit. (2 mk)
6. Identify the texture of specimen X after: (2 mk)
7. Give your observation when iodine solution was added on the surface of specimen X. (2 mk)
8. Placing a test tube containing specimen X and methylated spirit in a beaker of boiling water. (2 mk)
9. What is your conclusion about the results of the experiment in procedures (i) - (iv)? (3 mk)
10. removing the specimen from hot methylated spirit. (1 mk)
11. Draw a diagram of specimen X and label four external parts. (10 mk)
12. rinsing the specimen with warm water. (1 mk)

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You have been provided with specimens S, T, U and V. Study them and answer the following questions: (a) (i) State three distinctive characteristics for placing specimen V and S in the same kingdom. (ii) State three characteristics that made each of the specimens V and S to belong to different divisions. (iii) Explain three importance of specimen S to human being. Give three points to support your answer. (iv) Identify reproductive structure shown by specimens V and S. (b) Closely observe specimen S and then identify the floral arrangements which are typical characteristics of the class it belongs. (c) (i) Identify each of specimens T and U by its common name. (ii) Classify specimens T and U to the division level. (iii) Give three reasons for specimen T to belong to the respective division. (d) Explain importance of specimen U to the environment.

1. State three distinctive characteristics for placing specimen V and S in the same kingdom. (9 mk)
2. State three characteristics that made each of the specimens V and S to belong to different divisions. (15 mk)
3. iv) Identify reproductive structure shown by specimens V and S. (2 mk)
4. Closely observe specimen S and then identify the floral arrangements which are typical characteristics of the class it belongs. (4 mk)
5. iii) Give three reasons for specimen T to belong to the respective division. (6 mk)
6. Explain importance of specimen U to the environment. (4 mk)

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