Write the missing historical facts. (i) The earliest form of trade was called ________________ (ii) A period of 100 years is known as a _________________ (iii) The people who lived by gathering and hunting are referred to as ________ (iv) The process of controlling one area by a foreign power is called _________ (v) The movement of early human beings from one place to another in search of better life is called _______________

1. The earliest form of trade was called ________________ (1 mk)
2. A period of 100 years is known as a _________________ (1 mk)
3. The people who lived by gathering and hunting are referred to as ________ (1 mk)
4. The process of controlling one area by a foreign power is called _________ (1 mk)
5. The movement of early human beings from one place to another in search of better life is called _______________ (1 mk)

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The main role of the clan elders in African societies was to:

The event that marked the official end of Portuguese dominance in East Africa was:

The main cause for the spread of iron working technology in Africa was:

Match the items in List A with those in List B by writing the correct letter below the corresponding question number in the table provided.

1. Match the items in List A with those in List B by writing the correct letter below the corresponding question number in the table provided. (10 mk)
2. The following sentences are mixed up. Arrange them in chronological order from the first to the last by writing the roman number of each statement in the table provided. (5 mk)

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The following sentences are mixed up. Arrange them in chronological order from the first to the last by writing the roman number of each statement in the table provided. (i) They used fire to scare away wild animals and cook food. (ii) Early people moved in search of food, water, and shelter. (iii) Gradually, man discovered the use of tools and weapons. (iv) Later, man started to live in organized communities. (v) Human beings learned how to domesticate animals and cultivate crops.

1. First event in chronological order. (1 mk)
2. Second event in chronological order. (1 mk)
3. Third event in chronological order. (1 mk)
4. Fourth event in chronological order. (1 mk)
5. Fifth event in chronological order. (1 mk)

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The following statements are either correct or not correct. Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is not correct. (i) During Later Stone Age man started living in permanent homes. (ii) Archaeology is the study of written documents only. (iii) Barter trade involved the use of money to exchange goods. (iv) Clans were headed by religious leaders called Kabaka. (v) The Trans-Saharan trade connected East Africa with West Africa. (vi) Long distance traders used slaves as porters. (vii) Explorers came to East Africa for colonial administration. (viii) One of the effects of Ngoni migration was the spread of iron working skills. (ix) The British signed treaties with African leaders to get land peacefully. (x) Ngoni people settled in North East Africa after migration.

1. During Later Stone Age man started living in permanent homes. (1 mk)
2. Archaeology is the study of written documents only. (1 mk)
3. Barter trade involved the use of money to exchange goods. (1 mk)
4. Clans were headed by religious leaders called Kabaka. (1 mk)
5. The Trans-Saharan trade connected East Africa with West Africa. (1 mk)
6. Long distance traders used slaves as porters. (1 mk)
7. Explorers came to East Africa for colonial administration. (1 mk)
8. One of the effects of Ngoni migration was the spread of iron working skills. (1 mk)
9. The British signed treaties with African leaders to get land peacefully. (1 mk)
10. Ngoni people settled in North East Africa after migration. (1 mk)

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Give one difference between the following historical terms: (i) Archaeology and oral tradition (ii) Slave trade and legitimate trade (iii) Decentralized and centralized societies

1. Archaeology and oral tradition (2 mk)
2. Slave trade and legitimate trade (2 mk)
3. Decentralized and centralized societies (2 mk)

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Write an essay about the causes and effects of the Mfecane wars. In your essay use the following guidelines: (i) Background of the Mfecane (ii) Causes of the wars (iii) Effects of the Mfecane

1. Background of the Mfecane (5 mk)
2. Causes of the wars (5 mk)
3. Effects of the Mfecane (5 mk)

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Briefly explain five reasons for the decline of Portuguese rule along the East African coast.

1. Reason 1 (3 mk)
2. Reason 2 (3 mk)
3. Reason 3 (3 mk)
4. Reason 4 (3 mk)
5. Reason 5 (3 mk)

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