Choose the correct answer and write its letter in the box provided. (i) How can you best define the term agriculture? A. Science of crop production B. Science and art of crop production C. Science and art of crop and livestock production D. Science of crop and livestock production

Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct answer in the box provided. List A List B (i) Cattle A. California (ii) Pig B. Saanen (iii) Goat C. Camel thorn (iv) Sheep D. Leghorn (v) Poultry E. Large White F. Merino G. Friesian

1. Cattle (1 mk)
2. Pig (1 mk)
3. Goat (1 mk)
4. Sheep (1 mk)
5. Poultry (1 mk)

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Briefly explain four types of soil structure according to their structural arrangement of aggregates. Describe the relationship between soil texture and soil structure. Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure.

1. Briefly explain four types of soil structure according to their structural arrangement of aggregates. (8 mk)
2. Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure. (4 mk)
3. Briefly explain four types of soil structure according to their structural arrangement of aggregates. (0 mk)
4. Describe the relationship between soil texture and soil structure. (0 mk)
5. Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure. (0 mk)

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Explain how each of the following uncertainties may affect agricultural production. (i) Price uncertainty (ii) Yield uncertainty (iii) Technological uncertainty (iv) Institutional uncertainty Briefly explain the role of the government in minimizing risks and uncertainties facing farmers. Give four points.

1. Briefly explain the role of the government in minimizing risks and uncertainties facing farmers. Give four points. (4 mk)
2. Explain how price uncertainty may affect agricultural production. (0 mk)
3. Explain how yield uncertainty may affect agricultural production. (0 mk)
4. Explain how technological uncertainty may affect agricultural production. (0 mk)
5. Explain how institutional uncertainty may affect agricultural production. (0 mk)
6. Explain how institutional uncertainty may affect agricultural production. (2 mk)
7. Briefly explain the role of the government in minimizing risks and uncertainties facing farmers. Give four points. (0 mk)

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Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on the following guidelines. (a) Land preparation (b) Propagation and spacing (c) Manures and fertilizers (d) Weeding (e) Harvesting

1. Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on land preparation. (0 mk)
2. Land preparation for sorghum planting. (2 mk)
3. Propagation and spacing for sorghum planting. (2 mk)
4. Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on propagation and spacing. (0 mk)
5. Manures and fertilizers for sorghum planting. (2 mk)
6. Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on manures and fertilizers. (0 mk)
7. Weeding during sorghum cultivation. (2 mk)
8. Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on weeding. (0 mk)
9. Analyse the procedures of planting the sorghum crop basing on harvesting. (0 mk)
10. Harvesting of sorghum. (2 mk)

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Analyse the effects of each of the following insect pests in crop production. (i) Nematodes (ii) Sucking pests How are the following cultural pest control methods used in crop production? (i) Timely planting of crops (ii) Timely harvesting of crops (iii) Proper tillage of land (iv) Closed season (v) Growing trap crops

1. Analyse the effects of nematodes in crop production. (0 mk)
2. How is timely planting of crops used as a cultural pest control method? (2 mk)
3. Analyse the effects of sucking pests in crop production. (2 mk)
4. Analyse the effects of sucking pests in crop production. (0 mk)
5. How is timely planting of crops used as a cultural pest control method in crop production? (0 mk)
6. How is timely harvesting of crops used as a cultural pest control method in crop production? (0 mk)
7. How is proper tillage of land used as a cultural pest control method in crop production? (0 mk)
8. How is closed season used as a cultural pest control method in crop production? (0 mk)
9. How is growing trap crops used as a cultural pest control method in crop production? (0 mk)

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Examine five factors which influence effectiveness of pesticides in controlling crop pests. Briefly explain how integrated pest management method is practiced in controlling crop pests.

1. Examine five factors which influence effectiveness of pesticides in controlling crop pests. (0 mk)
2. Briefly explain how integrated pest management method is practiced in controlling crop pests. (0 mk)

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Outline five advantages that farmers get from growing sorghum and cowpeas in the same field. Shifting cultivation is a farming system practiced in Tanzania. Highlight five major features that distinguish it from other systems.

1. Outline five advantages that farmers get from growing sorghum and cowpeas in the same field. (0 mk)
2. Highlight five major features that distinguish shifting cultivation from other farming systems practiced in Tanzania. (0 mk)

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Identify five advantages of using animals as a source of farm power as compared to tractor power. Identify five factors to be considered when selecting oxen for training to perform farm activities.

1. Identify five advantages of using animals as a source of farm power as compared to tractor power. (0 mk)
2. Identify five factors to be considered when selecting oxen for training to perform farm activities. (0 mk)

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In six points, explain the importance of livestock.

1. Explain the importance of livestock in six points. (15 mk)

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