(a) Explain how soil water is involved in the soil profile development. (b) Describe briefly two distinguishing features of each of the master horizon in the soil profile.

1. Explain how soil water is involved in the soil profile development. (3 mk)
2. Describe briefly two distinguishing features of each of the master horizon in the soil profile. (4 mk)

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(a) Briefly describe four soil structural grades. (b) Categorise soil structure types on the basis of the shape and arrangement of peds.

1. Briefly describe four soil structural grades. (4 mk)
2. Categorise soil structure types on the basis of the shape and arrangement of peds. (3 mk)

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Analyse five factors that influence the nutritional value and quality of farm yard manure

1. Analyse five factors that influence the nutritional value and quality of farm yard manure (5 mk)

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(a) Give two points on what would happen if inorganic fertilizers are stored in an open space and subjected to the sunlight. (b) Briefly explain why farmers should consider the following aspects to ensure efficient proper use of fertilizer by giving one example in each case: (i) Right fertilizer type (ii) Right fertilizer rate (iii) Right time of fertilizer application (iv) Right method of fertilizer application.

1. Give two points on what would happen if inorganic fertilizers are stored in an open space and subjected to the sunlight. (2 mk)
2. Briefly explain why farmers should consider the following aspects to ensure efficient proper use of fertilizer by giving one example in each case: (6 mk)
3. Right fertilizer type (0 mk)
4. Right fertilizer rate (0 mk)
5. Right time of fertilizer application (0 mk)
6. Right method of fertilizer application. (0 mk)

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(a) Suggest five conditions suitable for the successful implementation of the plan in which the school is planning to use animals as a source of power instead of the farm tractor due to economic constraints. (b) Examine five important animal management practices to be adopted in order to obtain a maximum output from the animal farm power.

1. Suggest five conditions suitable for the successful implementation of the plan in which the school is planning to use animals as a source of power instead of the farm tractor due to economic constraints. (5 mk)
2. Examine five important animal management practices to be adopted in order to obtain a maximum output from the animal farm power. (5 mk)

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(a) Give six points on how the maintenance of the dip is carried out in order to guarantee its efficiency and last longer. (b) justify in four points that a farm without a workshop is said to be incomplete.

1. Give six points on how the maintenance of the dip is carried out in order to guarantee its efficiency and last longer. (6 mk)
2. justify in four points that a farm without a workshop is said to be incomplete. (4 mk)

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(a) Give five advantages of the overhead irrigation over the surface irrigation (b) Briefly explain in five points the prerequisite conditions for using the disc plough over the mouldboard plough.

1. Give five advantages of the overhead irrigation over the surface irrigation (5 mk)
2. Briefly explain in five points the prerequisite conditions for using the disc plough over the mouldboard plough. (5 mk)

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(a) Briefly explain three ways in which inputs used in production process relate with quantity of yield produced (b) Name the region of the production function in which the following situation operates and give reason: the school is keeping a few poultry in a very large poultry house (c) Name the region of production function in which the following situation operate and give reason: the school cattle are overgrazed in the school pasture.

1. Briefly explain three ways in which inputs used in production process relate with quantity of yield produced (5 mk)
2. Name the region of the production function in which the following situation operates and give reason: the school is keeping a few poultry in a very large poultry house (5 mk)
3. Name the region of production function in which the following situation operate and give reason: the school cattle are overgrazed in the school pasture. (5 mk)

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Explain five possible problems that would face a farmer when marketing his or her agricultural production and give five general solutions to overcome the problems.

1. Explain five possible problems that would face a farmer when marketing his or her agricultural production and give five general solutions to overcome the problems. (15 mk)

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(a) Propose four measures to be taken by the government to reduce the effect of low world market prices for its cash crops as a result of COVID 19 pandemic that affected trade across borders. (b) Propose four important questions that have to be answered by the farmer before replacing the tomato enterprise with the fish farming enterprise.

1. Propose four measures to be taken by the government to reduce the effect of low world market prices for its cash crops as a result of COVID 19 pandemic that affected trade across borders. (7 mk)
2. Propose four important questions that have to be answered by the farmer before replacing the tomato enterprise with the fish farming enterprise. (8 mk)

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