Explain the five factors that cause variation of soil during its formation.

1. Explain the five factors that cause variation of soil during its formation. (5 mk)

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(a) Distinguish the gravitational water from the field capacity and (b) Argue for the statement, “soil air is inevitable” for proper growth of plants.

1. Distinguish the gravitational water from the field capacity (0 mk)
2. Distinguish the gravitational water from the field capacity. (3 mk)
3. Argue for the statement, “soil air is inevitable” for proper growth of plants. (0 mk)
4. Argue for the statement, “soil air is inevitable” for proper growth of plants. (3 mk)

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(a) Give four qualities of cowpea plant that make it a good cover crop. (b) (i) briefly explain two short term advantages of the practice of burning the vegetation and (ii) account for four the long-term disadvantages of the practice of burning the vegetation.

1. Give four qualities of cowpea plant that make it a good cover crop. (0 mk)
2. Give four qualities of cowpea plant that make it a good cover crop. (4 mk)
3. Account for four the long-term disadvantages of the practice of burning the vegetation. (0 mk)
4. Account for four the long-term disadvantages of the practice of burning the vegetation. (4 mk)

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Explain seven beneficial effects of using the correct amount of lime in the management of acid soil and three detrimental effects of excessive application of lime.

1. Explain seven beneficial effects of using the correct amount of lime in the management of acid soil and three detrimental effects of excessive application of lime. (10 mk)

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(a) give six conditions in which the use of the tractor will be more successful than the animal power (b) give four points on how the ignition system of the tractor engine can be maintained.

1. Give six conditions in which the use of the tractor will be more successful than the animal power (0 mk)
2. Give six conditions in which the use of the tractor will be more successful than the animal power. (6 mk)
3. Give four points on how the ignition system of the tractor engine can be maintained. (4 mk)
4. Give four points on how the ignition system of the tractor engine can be maintained. (0 mk)

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(a) Propose five factors to be considered to construct an efficient, durable and low- cost electric wire fence to control the movement of farm animals. (b) propose five maintenance requirements of planes as a workshop tool.

1. Propose five factors to be considered to construct an efficient, durable and low-cost electric wire fence to control the movement of farm animals. (0 mk)
2. Propose five factors to be considered to construct an efficient, durable and low-cost electric wire fence to control the movement of farm animals. (5 mk)
3. Propose five maintenance requirements of planes as a workshop tool. (0 mk)
4. Propose five maintenance requirements of planes as a workshop tool. (5 mk)

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(a) elaborate the four necessary adjustments to be done on the tractor mounted mouldboard plough because of not creating suitable tilth during the cultivation. (b) justify the statement that the “drip irrigation system is said to minimise certain crop diseases outbreak and weed growth than the sprinkler irrigation system”.

1. Elaborate the four necessary adjustments to be done on the tractor mounted mouldboard plough because of not creating suitable tilth during the cultivation. (0 mk)
2. Elaborate the four necessary adjustments to be done on the tractor mounted mouldboard plough because of not creating suitable tilth during the cultivation. (5 mk)
3. Justify the statement that the “drip irrigation system is said to minimise certain crop diseases outbreak and weed growth than the sprinkler irrigation system”. (5 mk)
4. Justify the statement that the “drip irrigation system is said to minimise certain crop diseases outbreak and weed growth than the sprinkler irrigation system”. (0 mk)

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(a) summarize the seven roles of an entrepreneur as a farm manager. (b) elaborate three types of the labour used in the production process

1. Summarize the seven roles of an entrepreneur as a farm manager. (7 mk)
2. Elaborate three types of the labour used in the production process. (3 mk)

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(a) account for eight situations in the market indicating the existence of the perfect competition (b) state two conditions that favour the development of the black market.

1. Account for eight situations in the market indicating the existence of the perfect competition. (8 mk)
2. State two conditions that favour the development of the black market. (2 mk)

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(a) Explain the four negative effects of the government’s involvement in//controlling the price of agricultural commodities (b) Explain the four measures to be taken in case a country trading with another country faces a problem of a prolonged deficit in the balance of payments.

1. Explain the four negative effects of the government’s involvement in controlling the price of agricultural commodities. (4 mk)
2. Explain the four measures to be taken in case a country trading with another country faces a problem of a prolonged deficit in the balance of payments. (6 mk)

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