Refer to section 3.3.1 (e) about the preparation of lipid solution. (a) Which type of food source can be used to prepare lipid solution? (b) What is the concentration of the lipid solution prepared?

1. Which type of food source can be used to prepare lipid solution? (2 mk)
2. What is the concentration of the lipid solution prepared? (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Scorpions are usually found in:

Which of the following are examples of Chilopods and Diplopods?

What are Osteichthyes?

Which of the following preservation methods is suitable for fish?

Amphibians like frogs and toads can be found near:

For preserving live amphibian specimens, it is important to:

Reptiles can be collected from:

What is the recommended preservative for dead reptile specimens?

Wild birds can be captured using:

Which of the following parts of mammals can be collected for biology practical examinations?

Collection and Preservation of Specimens (b) Collection of Amphibians Amphibians include frogs and toads. These organisms can be found near rivers or ponds. Toads can also be collected at night during the rainy season. Use sweep nets to capture amphibians. Preservation Make an aquarium or container with water for preservation of live specimens and provide them with small insects for food and source of water. For preservation of dead specimens, inject them with 10 -30% formaldehyde.

1. Suggest how to obtain fresh flowers from preserved buds. (3 mk)
2. State two places where amphibians can be found. (2 mk)
3. The Biology teachers should be able to make an on-the spot assessment of each candidate’s dissection and drawing at least how many minutes after the beginning of the examination? (1 mk)
4. State two requirements for preparing a solution of a specific molarity from a concentrated liquid. (2 mk)
5. State two characteristics of the mosses and liverworts mentioned in the text. (2 mk)
6. Calculate the molarity of a stock solution given the following information: % assay = 99.9%, density (ρ) = 1.16 g/cm3, and molar mass (Mr) = 36.46 g/mol. (3 mk)
7. List two key things the teachers should do to assess the candidate. (2 mk)
8. Explain the purpose of covering the tank with grass. (1 mk)
9. State two places where liver flukes can be collected. (2 mk)
10. What is the best time to collect toads? (1 mk)
11. How can roundworms be preserved? (1 mk)
12. What mark should be awarded to the drawing of a candidate who did not dissect the animal in an on-spot assessment? (1 mk)
13. Using the dilution formula M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, calculate the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid (31.78 M) needed to prepare 1000 ml of 1 M dilute HCl. (3 mk)
14. What is the possible reason for mold growth in the terrarium? (1 mk)
15. State the method used to capture amphibians. (1 mk)
16. Refer to Table 2. What is the volume of concentrated acid required to prepare 1 litre of 1M HCl solution if its density is 1.18 g/cm3 and purity is 85.9%? (2 mk)
17. Name two arthropods that can be collected using an insect net. (2 mk)
18. How would you reduce the amount of water when molds grow in the tank? (1 mk)
19. How are dead specimens of amphibians preserved? (1 mk)
20. Suggest a method of preserving fish. (1 mk)
21. List the chemical requirements for the preparation of Sudan III solution. (2 mk)
22. Where are mushrooms found, and how can they be preserved? (2 mk)
23. Describe the procedure for preparing 100 ml of Sudan III solution. Include the steps for making 95% ethyl alcohol if 100% pure alcohol is available. (3 mk)
24. Outline the general procedures for collecting, preparing, and preserving plant specimens. (4 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Collection and Preservation of Specimens (c) Collection of Reptiles Collection of reptiles such as lizards, snakes and chameleons can be done in rocks or in caves and inside the cracks in the walls. They can be also collected by using sweep nets, traps or fishing nets. Preservation Preserve the specimens by placing them in an air tight container with 10% formaldehyde solution.

1. What are the safety precautions that should be taken when preparing dilute hydrochloric acid? (2 mk)
2. Describe the procedure for the preparation of Sudan III solution as outlined in (f). (5 mk)
3. Identify the apparatus shown in the diagram. (2 mk)
4. Use forceps to cut and make a small opening between the two sepals, then use hand to peel the calyx completely from the flower. (0 mk)
5. Mention two habitats where ferns can be found. (1 mk)
6. State two places where reptiles can be collected. (2 mk)
7. The molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol. If a concentrated HCl solution has a density of 1.18 g/cm³ and is 37% pure, calculate its molarity. (3 mk)
8. What is the purpose of immersing the leaf in boiling water for about 3 minutes? (2 mk)
9. Detach the petals by pulling each one downwards towards the receptacle until the entire corolla is removed from the flower. (0 mk)
10. Identify one example of a monocotyledon and one example of a dicotyledon. (2 mk)
11. Name three methods that can be used to collect reptiles. (3 mk)
12. Outline the steps to prepare seedlings from seeds. (2 mk)
13. Use forceps to cut and make a small opening at the base of the staminal tube, then expose the ovary with your finger nails by pilling off the staminal tube of the flower around the ovary. (0 mk)
14. Name the chemical solution used in step (iv). (1 mk)
15. If you need to prepare 500 ml of 1 M HCl solution from a stock solution of 12 M HCl, what volume of the stock solution is required? (2 mk)
16. Describe the correct procedure for diluting concentrated hydrochloric acid. (3 mk)
17. Use needle to cut at the base of the staminal tube, then extend the incision to the base of the stigma. Care must be taken not to damage the ovary and the style under it. (0 mk)
18. Why is it necessary to boil the test tube containing ethanol and leaf in a water bath instead of heating it directly over a flame? (3 mk)
19. Describe how to preserve flowers for some days. (1 mk)
20. Repeat the cuttings as much as possible, and then pull apart the strands to completely remove the staminal tube from the flower. (0 mk)
21. Look at the flower you will see stigma, style and ovary collectively known as the carpel. (0 mk)
22. Observe the ovary, stigma, and style of your flower with a magnifying glass. (0 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Collection and Preservation of Specimens (d) Collection of Birds Birds such as chicken are kept domestically and can be easily purchased or raised. Wild birds usually live in the forest and can be captured by using bird trap nets. Preservation Dead specimens can be preserved by placing them in an airtight container with 10% formaldehyde solution.

1. State two locations where liver flukes can be found. (2 mk)
2. Where do wild birds usually live? (1 mk)
3. Name the type of mount described in the steps. (1 mk)
4. List at least five key issues to consider while dissecting animals. (5 mk)
5. Use forceps to cut and make a small opening between the two sepals, then use hand to peel the calyx completely from the flower. (0 mk)
6. Why is it important to wash the plant specimens before cutting? (2 mk)
7. Detach the petals by pulling each one downwards towards the receptacle until the entire corolla is removed from the flower. (0 mk)
8. Name the type of alcohol solution used to preserve roundworms. (1 mk)
9. What is used to capture wild birds? (1 mk)
10. How are dead bird specimens preserved? (1 mk)
11. Differentiate between the preservation methods for live earthworms and dead earthworms. (1 mk)
12. Detach the filament and use the hand lens to observe anther and filament. (0 mk)
13. What is the purpose of step (iv)? (2 mk)
14. Why are stains like Aniline blue and methylene blue used in steps (v) and (vi)? (2 mk)
15. Identify one difference between the habitats of leeches and liver flukes. (1 mk)
16. What is the function of glycerol in step (ix)? (1 mk)
17. Why should air bubbles be avoided when putting on the coverslip? (2 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Collection and Preservation of Specimens (e) Collection of Mammals Mammals can be kept as small animals such as rats/ mouse and guinea pigs. Rats can be captured overnight using a trap. Bats can be collected using sweep net during the day especially when they are asleep. Preservation Mammals can be preserved in a 10% formaldehyde solution.

1. What is the purpose of rotating the objective in step (i)? (1 mk)
2. Explain the procedure for preparing a 0.5% aqueous amylase solution based on the steps provided in (h). (3 mk)
3. Name two small mammals that can be kept. (1 mk)
4. List the three key issues to consider while assessing a candidate's dissection and drawing. (0 mk)
5. Describe the habitat where Spirogyra specimens are abundantly available. (2 mk)
6. Why is good illumination important in step (ii)? (1 mk)
7. What mark should be awarded to a candidate who did not dissect the animal but submitted a drawing? (0 mk)
8. In which preservative can Spirogyra filaments be preserved? (1 mk)
9. How can rats be captured? (1 mk)
10. How can bats be collected? (1 mk)
11. What is the alternative name for the flower stalk? (1 mk)
12. Explain the procedure described in step (v). (2 mk)
13. Why should one always focus under low power before switching to high power magnification in step (vi)? (2 mk)
14. Name the part of the flower that forms the corolla. (1 mk)
15. State one reason why the coarse adjustment knob should never be used during high magnification. (2 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Collection and Preservation of Specimens (f) Collection of Animal Parts Various parts of animals can be collected for biology practical examinations. The body parts from birds can be collected such as feathers and beak. Mammalian skin, bones and teeth may also be collected for biology practical examinations. Preservation To preserve the animal parts such bones, feathers, beaks and others the following should be done: Detach them from the organisms Dry the parts in the sun.

1. Name two animal parts that can be collected from birds. (1 mk)
2. On what are molds readily available? (1 mk)
3. List three key responsibilities of teachers and laboratory technicians in the collection and preservation of specimens for practical examinations. (0 mk)
4. State two key issues to consider when preparing solutions and reagents for biochemical practical examinations. (2 mk)
5. List any four common food sources that can be used as specimens for preparing solutions. (2 mk)
6. List any five apparatus required for specimen collection and preservation. (0 mk)
7. Outline the procedures for preparing a culture of molds or Rhizopus. (4 mk)
8. Name three animal parts that can be collected from mammals. (2 mk)
9. Reference for identification. (1 mk)
10. Name the chemical used to anesthetize the animals. (1 mk)
11. List any three chemicals used in specimen preservation. (0 mk)
12. State the method used to preserve animal parts like bones and feathers. (1 mk)
13. How long should the animal be left in the airtight container? (1 mk)
14. List any four materials used in specimen collection and preservation. (0 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Outline the steps for collecting and preserving insects.

1. Describe two methods for collecting insects. (2 mk)
2. Explain how to anaesthetize and preserve collected insects. (2 mk)
3. Explain how oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Discuss the collection and preservation of amphibians and reptiles.

1. How are amphibians collected and preserved (both live and dead specimens)? (3 mk)
2. Where can reptiles be found, and how are they preserved? (2 mk)
3. Temperature (2 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Describe the collection and preservation methods for two different groups of invertebrates mentioned in the text.

1. Choose any two groups (e.g., Crustaceans, Arachnids, Chilopods/Diplopods) and describe their collection. (2 mk)
2. Describe their respective preservation methods. (2 mk)
3. Solvents (2 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Refer to Table 1. Identify two practical activities under 'Preparation of slides and setting up of microscope' that are relevant to 'Cell Structure and Organization'.

1. Identify the first practical activity. (1 mk)
2. Identify the second practical activity. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Based on Table 1, explain the difference between 'Mitosis and growth' and 'Meiosis' in terms of their relevance in CSEE syllabus.

1. Topic related to 'Mitosis and growth'. (1 mk)
2. Topic related to 'Meiosis'. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Refer to Table 1. Identify two phyla mentioned under 'Comparative Study of Natural Groups of Organisms' that are assessed in the CSEE syllabus.

1. First phylum. (1 mk)
2. Second phylum. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

According to Table 1, what is the difference in the assessment of 'Plant sections' between CSEE and ACSEE levels?

1. Assessment in CSEE. (1 mk)
2. Assessment in ACSEE. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Referring to Table 1, what are the practical activities listed under 'Nervous coordination' that are assessed in the ACSEE syllabus?

1. First practical activity. (1 mk)
2. Second practical activity. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Table 1 shows that 'Properties of food substances' are assessed in CSEE but not in ACSEE or DSEE under the topic 'Nutrition'. What does this indicate about the depth of assessment?

1. Assessment in CSEE. (1 mk)
2. Assessment in ACSEE/DSEE. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Identify two 'Basic Biology Laboratory Skills' that are assessed in the DSEE syllabus according to Table 1.

1. First skill. (1 mk)
2. Second skill. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

From Table 1, under the topic 'Transportation of Material in Living Things', which specific practical activity is assessed in both CSEE and ACSEE levels?

1. Identify the practical activity. (1 mk)
2. Confirm assessment at both levels. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Consider the topic 'Gaseous Exchange and Respiration'. What is the difference in practical assessment between mammals and plants in the CSEE syllabus?

1. Assessment for mammals. (1 mk)
2. Assessment for plants. (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

The text describes methods for collecting and preserving various vertebrates. Explain the specific methods for birds and mammals.

1. How are birds collected, and how are dead specimens preserved? (2 mk)
2. Describe the collection and preservation of mammals. (2 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.

Refer to the provided text regarding the collection and preservation of various animal groups. Answer the following questions:

1. List three different types of animal parts that can be collected for biology practical examinations. (1 mk)
2. What is the common preservative used for most dead vertebrate specimens mentioned? (1 mk)
3. Explain the difference in preservation methods between live and dead amphibians. (2 mk)
4. Which group of invertebrates can be preserved by drying? (1 mk)

Upgrade to see model answers.