In Geography the term rotation means:

Write TRUE or FALSE against the statements given: (i) Back bearing is the bearing of an observer from the object. ......... (ii) The only continent that is crossed by both Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn is America. ......... (iii) All longitudes are great circles. ......... (iv) Orbit is the path of the moon and the earth in the universe.......... (v) Lake Tanganyika is a good example of a Rift Valley lake. ......... (vi) Industrialization is not an agent of air pollution. ......... (vii) Elements of weather are the same as the elements of climate.......... (viii) The side of the mountain that faces the direction of the wind is known as the windward side. ......... (ix) An area of low pressure where wind blows inward in circular motion is known as a depression. ......... (x) A map is not a scaled presentation of a place. ... ... ...

1. Back bearing is the bearing of an observer from the object. (1 mk)
2. The only continent that is crossed by both Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn is America. (1 mk)
3. All longitudes are great circles. (1 mk)
4. Orbit is the path of the moon and the earth in the universe. (1 mk)
5. Lake Tanganyika is a good example of a Rift Valley lake. (1 mk)
6. Industrialization is not an agent of air pollution. (1 mk)
7. Elements of weather are the same as the elements of climate. (1 mk)
8. The side of the mountain that faces the direction of the wind is known as the windward side. (1 mk)
9. An area of low pressure where wind blows inward in circular motion is known as a depression. (1 mk)
10. A map is not a scaled presentation of a place. (1 mk)

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4. (a) Carefully study the climatic data given for station X, and then answer the questions that follow: MONTH J F M A M J J A S O N D Temp. C 23 22 21 20 18 15 12 10 17 18 18 19 Rainfall (mm) 10 15 20 50 130 180 175 150 100 70 18 15 (i) What is the annual range of temperature for station X? (ii) Calculate the total annual rainfall. (iii) What type of climate does the station experience? (Give two reasons) (iv) In which climatic region is the station located? (v) Suggest two types of crops grown in the area. (b) Study the following sketch map and answer the questions that follow. Scale 1: 50,000 (i) Mention any three methods which may be used to measure the area of the lake. (ii) List three methods which can be used to measure the distance of the river. (iii) How is the scale of this map represented? (iv) List down three important things to be considered when using maps

1. In which climatic region is the station located? (1 mk)
2. Suggest two types of crops grown in the area. (2 mk)
3. List down three important things to be considered when using maps (3 mk)

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5. (a) Give three necessary conditions for the construction of Hydro-Electric Power (HEP) station. (b) State three ways of dealing with water pollution in Tanzania. (c) What limits cotton production in the Cotton Belt of the USA? (d) What are the problems associated with oil drilling? (e) Define the following terms: (i) Zero grazing (ii) Land reclamation (f) Suggest three ways of minimizing the use of fuel wood at family level. (g) Write down three methods of soil conservation. (h) State three economic importance of manufacturing industry in Africa. (i) Outline three economic significance of mineral exploitation to any country. (j) Mention three gender discrimination for women in Tanzania.

1. Give three necessary conditions for the construction of Hydro-Electric Power (HEP) station. (3 mk)
2. State three ways of dealing with water pollution in Tanzania. (3 mk)
3. What limits cotton production in the Cotton Belt of the USA? (2 mk)
4. What are the problems associated with oil drilling? (2 mk)
5. Land reclamation (1 mk)
6. Suggest three ways of minimizing the use of fuel wood at family level. (3 mk)
7. Write down three methods of soil conservation. (3 mk)
8. State three economic importance of manufacturing industry in Africa. (3 mk)
9. Outline three economic significance of mineral exploitation to any country. (3 mk)
10. Mention three gender discrimination for women in Tanzania. (3 mk)

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Match the items in COLUMN A with the corresponding items in COLUMN B by writing the letter of the correct item in COLUMN B against its corresponding number in COLUMN A.

1. The cause of day and night (1 mk)
2. Cardinal points of a compass (1 mk)
3. International Date Line (1 mk)
4. Meteors (1 mk)
5. Beach (1 mk)
6. Mozambique ocean current (1 mk)
7. Isotherms (1 mk)
8. Characterized by two rainfall maxima (1 mk)
9. Temperature decreases with an increase of altitude (1 mk)
10. Contours and spot height (1 mk)

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Outline the problems of marine transport.

1. Outline the problems of marine transport. (5 mk)

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Briefly explain the significance of developing agricultural sector in terms of social and economic development in Tanzania.

1. Briefly explain the significance of developing agricultural sector in terms of social and economic development in Tanzania. (5 mk)

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Write down the important conditions for developing tourism in Tanzania.

1. Write down the important conditions for developing tourism in Tanzania. (5 mk)

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Elaborate the problems which are encountered by most women in establishing business.

1. Elaborate the problems which are encountered by most women in establishing business. (5 mk)

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Describe the advantages of developing solar energy.

1. Describe the advantages of developing solar energy. (5 mk)

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