It is noon in Adis Ababa (39"E). What will be the time in Dar es Salaam which is located along the same longitude?

Which factors cause Tanzania's population structure to be dynamic?

Carefully study the map extract of Liwale (shect 280/4) and answer the questions that follow: (a) Giving a reason, identify the dominant type of rock in the mapped area. (b) Describe three characteristics of the rock mentioned in (a). (c) Briefly describe two possible reasons for the growth of Liwale town. (d) By using RF scale, measure the distance of a road in kilometers from grid reference 814218 to 809165.

1. Giving a reason, identify the dominant type of rock in the mapped area. (0 mk)
2. Describe three characteristics of the rock mentioned in (a). (0 mk)
3. Briefly describe two possible reasons for the growth of Liwale town. (0 mk)
4. By using RF scale, measure the distance of a road in kilometers from grid reference 814218 to 809165. (0 mk)

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The school head prefect was assigned to select representatives for a research on waste management in their school. (a) How is the process used to select the representatives for the research called? (b) Identify two techniques that will be used to select the representatives named in (a). (c) Explain three advantages of the process named in (a).

1. How is the process used to select the representatives for the research called? (0 mk)
2. Identify two techniques that will be used to select the representatives named in (a). (0 mk)
3. Explain three advantages of the process named in (a). (0 mk)

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You have been assigned to measure a linear distance between lines of traverse in measuring a new plot for a school playing ground. (a) Suggest a suitable survey method for the activity. (b) Mention the first and the last steps that you will use to accomplish the activity. (c) Briefly explain three survey equipments you will use in the field.

1. Desertification (1 mk)
2. Suggest a suitable survey method for the activity. (0 mk)
3. Deforestation (1 mk)
4. Mention the first and the last steps that you will use to accomplish the activity. (0 mk)
5. Addition of unwanted substances into the environment. (1 mk)
6. Briefly explain three survey equipments you will use in the field. (0 mk)
7. Deterioration of the quality of the land through loss of soil fertility. (1 mk)
8. Gradual changes of rainfall and temperature in a place. (1 mk)
9. Processes that lead to the perish of plant and animal species in an area. (1 mk)
10. Process through which fertile land become dry, waterless and without vegetation. (1 mk)

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Study carefully the given photograph and answer the questions that follow: (a) With two reasons, suggest the type of photograph. (b) Mention the depositional, erosional and man-made features seen on the photograph. Give two features for each. (c) Describe three stages of formation of the main marine erosion feature seen at the South Eastern part of the foreground.

1. With two reasons, suggest the type of photograph. (0 mk)
2. Mention the depositional, erosional and man-made features seen on the photograph. Give two features for each. (0 mk)
3. Describe three stages of formation of the main marine erosion feature seen at the South Eastern part of the foreground. (0 mk)

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The Form Four students watched a video showing a landscape of Switzerland and observed several features developed by ice action. (a) Briefly describe four highland erosional features observed by the students. (b) Draw a well labeled diagram showing features described in (a).

1. Briefly describe four highland erosional features observed by the students. (0 mk)
2. Draw a well labeled diagram showing features described in (a). (0 mk)

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How do vegetation adapt to the environment in the desert areas? Give five points. Explain four characteristics of vegetation found in desert areas.

1. How do vegetation adapt to the environment in the desert areas? Give five points. (0 mk)
2. Explain four characteristics of vegetation found in desert areas. (0 mk)

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Juma was travelling from Iringa to Dar es Salaam. On his way, he experienced gradual increase in temperature. In six points, analyse the causes of such a situation.

1. Juma was travelling from Iringa to Dar es Salaam. On his way, he experienced gradual increase in temperature. In six points, analyse the causes of such a situation. (0 mk)
2. State any two possible causes for the observed phenomenon. (4 mk)
3. Explain how each of the causes stated in (a) leads to an increase in temperature. (6 mk)
4. Suggest any two ways in which Juma could have reduced the effect of the increased temperature. (5 mk)

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Environmental degradation is a serious problem caused by human activities. Examine six measures to be taken to prevent the situation.

1. Environmental degradation is a serious problem caused by human activities. Examine six measures to be taken to prevent the situation. (0 mk)
2. Identify any two human activities that lead to environmental degradation. (4 mk)
3. Describe any six measures that can be taken to prevent environmental degradation. (11 mk)

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Describe six sources of the renewable energy found in Tanzania.

1. Describe six sources of the renewable energy found in Tanzania. (0 mk)
2. Name any two renewable energy sources found in Tanzania. (2 mk)
3. Describe how each of the renewable energy sources you named in (a) can be harnessed. (8 mk)
4. State any two advantages of using renewable energy sources. (5 mk)

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