1. (a) Mention two applications and two limitations of dimensional analysis. (02) (b) The frequency f of a note produced by a taut wire stretched between two supports depends on the distance ℓ between the supports, the mass per unit length of the wire, μ, and the tension T. Use dimensional analysis to find how f is related to ℓ, μ, and T. (03)

1. Mention two applications and two limitations of dimensional analysis. (2 mk)
2. The frequency f of a note produced by a taut wire stretched between two supports depends on the distance ℓ between the supports, the mass per unit length of the wire, μ, and the tension T. Use dimensional analysis to find how f is related to ℓ, μ, and T. (3 mk)

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2. (a) Define the following terms: (i) momentum (ii) impulse of a force (01) (b) A jet of water emerges from a hose pipe of a cross-sectional area 5.0 x 10-3m​ 2 with a velocity of ​ ​ 3.0ms-1 and strikes a wall at right angle. Assuming the water to be brought to rest by the wall ​ and does not rebound, calculate the force on the wall. (04)

1. Define the following terms: (i) momentum (ii) impulse of a force (1 mk)
2. A jet of water emerges from a hose pipe of a cross-sectional area 5.0 x 10-3m​ 2 with a velocity of ​ ​ 3.0ms-1 and strikes a wall at right angle. Assuming the water to be brought to rest by the wall ​ and does not rebound, calculate the force on the wall. (4 mk)

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3. (a) What do you understand by the term escape velocity? (b) Calculate the escape velocity from the moon’s surface given that a man on the moon has ⅙ his weight on earth. The mean radius of the moon is 1.75 x 106m​ . (04)

1. What do you understand by the term escape velocity? (1 mk)
2. Calculate the escape velocity from the moon’s surface given that a man on the moon has ⅙ his weight on earth. The mean radius of the moon is 1.75 x 106m​ . (4 mk)

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4. (a) Give two similarities between simple harmonic motion and circular motion. (01) (b) On the same set of axes, sketch how energy exchange (kinetic to potential) takes place in an oscillator placed in a damping medium. (04)

1. Give two similarities between simple harmonic motion and circular motion. (1 mk)
2. On the same set of axes, sketch how energy exchange (kinetic to potential) takes place in an oscillator placed in a damping medium. (4 mk)

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5. (a) State the parallel axis theorem. (02) (b) Show that the Kinetic energy (K.E.) of rotation of a rigid body about an axis with a constant angular velocity w is given by KE = ½ Iw2 where I is the moment of inertia of the rigid body ​ about the given axis. (03)

1. State the parallel axis theorem. (2 mk)
2. Show that the Kinetic energy (K.E.) of rotation of a rigid body about an axis with a constant angular velocity w is given by KE = ½ Iw2 where I is the moment of inertia of the rigid body ​ about the given axis. (3 mk)

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6. (a) Distinguish between static and dynamic friction. (02) (b) With the help of a well labelled diagram briefly explain how you will determine the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid by a constant pressure head apparatus in the laboratory. (03)

1. Distinguish between static and dynamic friction. (2 mk)
2. With the help of a well labelled diagram briefly explain how you will determine the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid by a constant pressure head apparatus in the laboratory. (3 mk)

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7. (a) Explain in terms of surface energy, what is meant by the surface tension, γ of a liquid. (03) ​ ​ (b) What energy is required to form a soap bubble of radius 1.00mm if the surface tension of the soap solution is 2.5 x 10-4 ​Nm-2?​ (02)

1. Explain in terms of surface energy, what is meant by the surface tension, γ of a liquid. (3 mk)
2. What energy is required to form a soap bubble of radius 1.00mm if the surface tension of the soap solution is 2.5 x 10-4 ​Nm-2? (2 mk)

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8. (a) Write down the equation of continuity of a fluid defining all your symbols. (02) (b) The velocity at a certain point in a flow pipe is 1.0ms-1 and the gauge pressure there is 3 x 105 ​ ​ Nm-2.​ The cross-sectional area at a point 10m above the first is half that at the first point. If the ​ flowing fluid is pure water, calculate the gauge pressure at the second point. (03)

1. Write down the equation of continuity of a fluid defining all your symbols. (2 mk)
2. The velocity at a certain point in a flow pipe is 1.0ms-1 and the gauge pressure there is 3 x 105 ​ ​ Nm-2.​ The cross-sectional area at a point 10m above the first is half that at the first point. If the ​ flowing fluid is pure water, calculate the gauge pressure at the second point. (3 mk)

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9. (a) What do you understand by the terms: (i) Thermodynamic temperature scale and (ii) Triple point of water? (02)

1. What do you understand by the terms: (i) Thermodynamic temperature scale and (ii) Triple point of water? (2 mk)

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(a) Write down an expression for the forces on an electron when moving perpendicular to: (i) an electric field (ii) magnetic field. (02) (b) An electron is moving in a uniform electric field of intensity 1.2 x 105V m-1. Find the acceleration of the electron. (03)

1. Write down an expression for the forces on an electron when moving perpendicular to: (i) an electric field (ii) magnetic field. (2 mk)
2. An electron is moving in a uniform electric field of intensity 1.2 x 105V m-1. Find the acceleration of the electron. (3 mk)

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(a) What is a resonant frequency of an oscillator? (01) (b) Consider the LRC series circuit. The r.m.s. voltages across each component are as shown. Calculate (i) The r.m.s. current passing through R. (01) (ii) The resonant frequency for the values of L, C and R. (03)

1. What is a resonant frequency of an oscillator? (1 mk)
2. Consider the LRC series circuit. The r.m.s. voltages across each component are as shown. Calculate (i) The r.m.s. current passing through R. (ii) The resonant frequency for the values of L, C and R. (4 mk)

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(a) Draw the symbol of n-p-n transistor. (01) (b) Distinguish between insulators, semi-conductors and metals as far as conduction is concerned. (04)

1. Draw the symbol of n-p-n transistor. (1 mk)
2. Distinguish between insulators, semi-conductors and metals as far as conduction is concerned. (4 mk)

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(a) What is the “work function” of a metal? (02) (b) The work function of a metal is 2.0 eV. Calculate the stopping potential when the metal is illuminated by light of frequency of 6.0 x 1014 Hz. (03)

1. What is the “work function” of a metal? (2 mk)
2. The work function of a metal is 2.0 eV. Calculate the stopping potential when the metal is illuminated by light of frequency of 6.0 x 1014 Hz. (3 mk)

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(a) What is (i) nuclear fusion and (ii) nuclear fission? (02) (b) In the following nuclear reactions find the values of x, y and z. (i) 2H + 2H → x H + 1H + 4.0 MeV 1 1 1 1 (ii) 3H + 2H → yHe + 1n + 17.6 MeV 1 1 1 0 (iii) 235U + 1n → z Ba + 92Kr + 3 1n + E (03) 92 0 56 36 0 4

1. What is (i) nuclear fusion and (ii) nuclear fission? (2 mk)
2. In the following nuclear reactions find the values of x, y and z. (i) 2H + 2H → x H + 1H + 4.0 MeV 1 1 1 1 (ii) 3H + 2H → yHe + 1n + 17.6 MeV 1 1 1 0 (iii) 235U + 1n → z Ba + 92Kr + 3 1n + E (3 mk)

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