(a) State the Laws of Reflection of Light. (b) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the effect of: (i) a point source of light placed before an opaque object. (ii) an extended source of light placed before an opaque object. (c) State characteristics of images formed in plane mirrors.

1. State the Laws of Reflection of Light. (2 mk)
2. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the effect of a point source of light placed before an opaque object. (3 mk)
3. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the effect of an extended source of light placed before an opaque object. (3 mk)
4. State characteristics of images formed in plane mirrors. (1 mk)

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A substance of mass 2 kg is supplied with heat of 4800 J, and causes its temperature to rise by 4K. The specific heat capacity of the substance is:

A wheelbarrow is an example of:

A block and tackle system has six pulleys. What is the velocity ratio of this system?

An instrument which is used to observe objects around obstacles is called:

When charging a body by rubbing with either fur or silk the particles which are transferred are:

Current electricity can be measured in:

Two resistors each having a resistance of 3 ohms are connected in parallel; the resulting effective resistance is:

The process whereby materials recover their original length after removing the loads is known as:

A piece of metal of volume 10 has a mass of 65.5 kg. The density of metal is:

A ray of light is incident normally on a plane mirror. The angle of reflection will be:

Match the following items by writing a letter of the correct meaning from List B against the number of the item in list A.

1. Hydrometer (1 mk)
2. Hydrometer (1 mk)
3. Calorimeter (1 mk)
4. Calorimeter (1 mk)
5. Linear expansivity (1 mk)
6. Fundamental quantity (1 mk)
7. Radiation (1 mk)
8. The common pump (1 mk)
9. Penumbra (1 mk)

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(a) Differentiate between mass and weight. (b) (i) The weight of a body when in water is known as the . . . . . . . . . . weight. (ii) The force acting normally per unit area is called . . . . . . . . . . (iii) Thermostat, rivets, bar and gape are applications . . . . . . . . . . of expansion.

1. Differentiate between mass and weight. (2 mk)
2. The weight of a body when in water is known as the . . . . . . . . . . weight. (1 mk)
3. The force acting normally per unit area is called . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
4. Thermostat, rivets, bar and gape are applications . . . . . . . . . . of expansion. (2 mk)

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4. Matter is made up of small particles known as: (i) . . . . . . . . . . (ii) . . . . . . . . . . (b) Three basic apparatus in a physics laboratory are: (c) Forces are of several kinds. Mention any three:

1. Matter is made up of small particles known as: (1 mk)
2. Matter is made up of small particles known as: (1 mk)
3. Three basic apparatus in a physics laboratory are: (3 mk)
4. Forces are of several kinds. Mention any three: (2 mk)

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5. (a) The two uses of a gold leaf electroscope are: . . . . . . . . . . (b) In verification of Ohm's Law the following circuit was used during the experiment. i. P: represents . . . . . . . . . . ii. Q: represents . . . . . . . . . . iii. S: represents . . . . . . . . . . iv. T: represents . . . . . . . . . . v. F: represents . . . . . . . . . . vi. K: represents . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. The two uses of a gold leaf electroscope are: (2 mk)
2. P: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
3. Q: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
4. S: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
5. T: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
6. F: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)
7. K: represents . . . . . . . . . . (1 mk)

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(a) Define linear expansivity of a substance. (b) Explain why small gaps between two rail bars are left when being installed. (c) A metal rod 50 cm long at 0 C becomes 50.06 cm long at 100 C. Find the linear expansivity of the metal.

1. Define linear expansivity of a substance. (2 mk)
2. Explain why small gaps between two rail bars are left when being installed. (3 mk)
3. A metal rod 50 cm long at 0 C becomes 50.06 cm long at 100 C. Find the linear expansivity of the metal. (3 mk)

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(a) What are the effects of pressure on the boiling point of a liquid? (b) Why do people suffer from nose bleeding at high altitudes? (c) A column of mercury is 700 mm high and the area of its base is 2.00 cm². Find: (i) the pressure it exerts. (ii) the force it exerts.

1. What are the effects of pressure on the boiling point of a liquid? (2 mk)
2. Why do people suffer from nose bleeding at high altitudes? (3 mk)
3. A column of mercury is 700 mm high and the area of its base is 2.00 cm². Find the pressure it exerts. (2 mk)
4. A column of mercury is 700 mm high and the area of its base is 2.00 cm². Find the force it exerts. (2 mk)

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(a) What is a machine? (b) Explain the meaning of: (i) mechanical advantage (ii) velocity ratio (iii) efficiency of a simple machine (c) An inclined plane is 7 m long and its height is 1 m. If the efficiency of the plane is 70%, find the load which can be moved up the plane by an effort of 150 N parallel to the plane.

1. What is a machine? (1 mk)
2. Explain the meaning of mechanical advantage. (2 mk)
3. Explain the meaning of velocity ratio. (2 mk)
4. Explain the meaning of efficiency of a simple machine. (1 mk)
5. An inclined plane is 7 m long and its height is 1 m. If the efficiency of the plane is 70%, find the load which can be moved up the plane by an effort of 150 N parallel to the plane. (3 mk)

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