You are provided with: retort stand, stopwatch, a thread of 100 cm, pendulum bob, cork pads and a metre rule. (a) Set up the apparatus such that the pendulum bob is just above the top of the bench as shown in Figure 1. (b) Measure the height, h = 10 cm from the table top to the middle of the pendulum bob and displace the bob through a small distance. Release the bob then determine the time, t for 20 complete oscillations and its periodic time, T. (c) Repeat the procedures in 1 (b) above for the values of h = 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm; and then; (i) tabulate the results including the values of T2 (ii) plot a graph of T2 (S2 ) against h (cm) (iii) find the slope, S of the graph (iv) record the value of T2 for which h = 0 (v) determine the value of k from the equation: T2 = -(Sh + Sk) (vi) explain the physical meaning of the value obtained in 1 (v)

1. Set up the apparatus such that the pendulum bob is just above the top of the bench as shown in Figure 1. (0 alama)
2. Measure the height, h = 10 cm from the table top to the middle of the pendulum bob and displace the bob through a small distance. Release the bob then determine the time, t for 20 complete oscillations and its periodic time, T. (0 alama)
3. Record the value of T2 for which h = 0 (2 alama)
4. Explain the physical meaning of the value obtained in 1 (v) (4 alama)

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You are provided with: a dry cell of e.m.f, E; a switch, S; an ammeter, A; a voltmeter, V; connecting wires, a constantan wire, Q and a jockey J. (a) Set up a circuit as shown in Figure 2. (b) Connect one end of the wire, Q to the ammeter, A at point X. (c) Start at 15 cm length of a wire Q from end Y, move the jockey, J towards X until the ammeter registers 0.3 A. Record the voltmeter reading, V in volts. (d) Move again the jockey, J towards X until the ammeter reads 0.4 A. Record the corresponding new voltmeter reading, V in volts. (e) Repeat the procedures in 1 (d) when ammeter readings are 0.5 A, 0.6 A and 0.7 A; and then (i) Tabulate the results (ii) Plot a graph of current, I against voltage, V (iii) Find the slope, S of the graph (iv) Determine the internal resistance, r of a cell given that: S = -1/(r) (v) Use the graph in 2(ii) to find the value of e.m.f, E of a dry cell.

1. Set up a circuit as shown in Figure 2. (0 alama)
2. Connect one end of the wire, Q to the ammeter, A at point X. (0 alama)
3. Start at 15 cm length of a wire Q from end Y, move the jockey, J towards X until the ammeter registers 0.3 A. Record the voltmeter reading, V in volts. (0 alama)
4. Move again the jockey, J towards X until the ammeter reads 0.4 A. Record the corresponding new voltmeter reading, V in volts. (0 alama)
5. Repeat the procedures in 1 (d) when ammeter readings are 0.5 A, 0.6 A and 0.7 A; and then (0 alama)
6. Determine the internal resistance, r of a cell given that: S = -1/(r) (5 alama)
7. Use the graph in 2(ii) to find the value of e.m.f, E of a dry cell. (5 alama)

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