The following sentences are mixed up. Arrange the sentences in good order from (i) - (x).

1. This area formed part of Ancient Egypt in its history. (1 alama)
2. Chikole, Kotakota, Ujiji and Tabora. (1 alama)
3. An explorer who is said to have served two European imperialist powers seeking colonies in Africa (1 alama)
4. Fluctuation of river flow conditioned a range of economic activities. (1 alama)
5. The Nubians were therefore under constant threat of desert encroachment. (1 alama)
6. System of life where few people or individuals are allowed to own the major means of production. (1 alama)
7. Like the Egyptians, they learnt the techniques of utilizing floods. (1 alama)
8. Diamond digging (1 alama)
9. Maintenance of arable land, mining and trade formed the basis of social differentiation and the emergence of classes in Nubian society. (1 alama)
10. Hadzabe, Pygmies and Khoisans (1 alama)
11. Venda, Mashona, Mang'anja (1 alama)
12. Nubia lies in the areas that cut across the borders of Modern Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia. (1 alama)
13. The two activities need great cooperation among the Nubians. (1 alama)
14. Nubia’s development was influenced by the Nile. (1 alama)
15. Sumangum (1 alama)
16. Nubia had narrow alluvial plains along the Nile. (1 alama)
17. Nilometer (1 alama)
18. Christopher Columbus (1 alama)
19. Irrigation was the only means of controlling this threat. (1 alama)

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

Below is a family tree. Study it and answer the given questions. Name the relatives indicated by letters A, B, C, D and E. F is given as example. Example: F - Great Grandmother

1. Name the relative indicated by letter A. (1 alama)
2. Name the relative indicated by letter B. (1 alama)
3. Name the relative indicated by letter C. (1 alama)
4. Name the relative indicated by letter D. (1 alama)
5. Name the relative indicated by letter E. (1 alama)

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

A. The history of ancient Egypt goes as far back as between 1500 BC and 500 BC. B. The basis of the achievement of man in Egypt was influenced by the fertility of the Nile Valley. C. At the apex of the state of Egypt stood Pharaoh. D. The leaders in Egypt were titled Mene.

Using the given guidelines, write short notes on Ngoni Migration into East Africa

1. Mention reasons for their migration. (4 alama)
2. When did they reach East Africa? (3 alama)
3. Who were their leaders during migration? (3 alama)
4. What were the effects of the coming of Ngoni to East Africa? (5 alama)

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

Differentiate the following historical terms:

1. A blacksmith and handcrafts. (3 alama)
2. Bipedalism and Zinjanthropus. (3 alama)
3. Middle Stone Age and New Stone Age. (3 alama)

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

Under the given guidelines, write a short essay about Songhai Empire:

1. Who was the founder of the empire? (2 alama)
2. When and where was it established? (4 alama)

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

The period marked by intense competition and warfare among European states was known as: