Briefly explain the following terms. i. Commensalism

1. Briefly explain the following terms. (3 alama)
2. Commensalism (1 alama)

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Briefly explain the following terms. ii. Mutualism

1. Mutualism (1 alama)
2. Enamel (1 alama)
3. Peristalsis (1 alama)
4. Cardiac sphincters (1 alama)
5. Villi (1 alama)
6. Excretion (1 alama)
7. Tongue (1 alama)
8. Bile (1 alama)
9. Dental caries (1 alama)
10. Pyloric sphincters (1 alama)

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Briefly explain the following terms. iii. Parasitism

1. Organisms of the same species can ___________________ to produce fertile _____________________. (2 alama)
2. Parasitism (1 alama)
3. Human beings produce ____________________ which are biological catalyst. (1 alama)
4. Muscle needs ______________________ from respiration for movement. (1 alama)
5. During sports activity Lactic acid accumulated is converted by oxygen to harmless _______________________ and ______________________. (2 alama)
6. The smallest blood vessels in the body are______________________. (1 alama)
7. Fungi produce poisons called ______________________. The most common is ________________________. (2 alama)
8. A quadrat is a square frame enclosing a known area to estimate the _______________________ of organisms. (1 alama)

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Name two (2) main groups of vitamins. i. ____________________________ vitamins ii. ____________________________ vitamins

1. Name three (3) external features of the leaf that make it well adapted for Photosynthesis. (3 alama)
2. Name two (2) main groups of vitamins. (2 alama)
3. List down the main products of photosynthesis in both light and dark stages. i. In the light stage the main products are _____________________________ ii. In the dark stage the main products are _____________________________ (2 alama)
4. Mention the cells in mesophyll that have many chloroplasts. (1 alama)
5. Write the forms of glucose that can be converted after it has been manufactured in the process of photosynthesis. (3 alama)

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You are given a flow energy chart of a food web with four (4) missing Organisms A, B, C and D in the chart. They are Lion, Hawks, Insects and Zebra (They are not in order). Study it and answer the questions that follow. [Diagram depicting a food web with missing organisms A, B, C, and D] i. Identify the missed organisms named by the letters with their correct place from the chart. A _______________________________ B ______________________________. C _______________________________ D ______________________________. ii. Name the organisms which are herbivores _______________________________ iii. Name the organisms which are carnivores _______________________________ iv. Identify Primary consumers ___________________________________________ v. Identify Secondary consumers _________________________________________ vi. Name an organism which is a producer __________________________________. vii. Name an organism which is a decomposer _______________________________.

1. Identify the missed organisms named by the letters with their correct place from the chart. A _______________________________ B ______________________________. C _______________________________ D ______________________________. (0 alama)
2. Identify the missed organisms named by the letters with their correct place from the chart. (4 alama)
3. Name the organisms which are herbivores (1 alama)
4. Name the organisms which are herbivores _______________________________. (0 alama)
5. Name the organisms which are carnivores (1 alama)
6. Name the organisms which are carnivores _______________________________. (0 alama)
7. Identify Primary consumers (1 alama)
8. Identify Primary consumers ___________________________________________. (0 alama)
9. Identify Secondary consumers (1 alama)
10. Identify Secondary consumers _________________________________________. (0 alama)
11. Name an organism which is a producer __________________________________. (0 alama)
12. Name an organism which is a producer (1 alama)
13. Name an organism which is a decomposer (1 alama)
14. Name an organism which is a decomposer _______________________________. (0 alama)

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Study the figure X below and answer the questions that follow. i. Identify the figure X. ii. Name the parts labelled A to D. iii. What is the meaning of the term ‘chewing cud?’ iv. The gap in a lower jaw in the cow is known as a

1. If the two solutions have the same water potential they are said to be (1 alama)
2. Identify the figure X. (1 alama)
3. Name the parts labelled A to D. (4 alama)
4. What is the meaning of the term ‘chewing cud?’ (3 alama)
5. The gap in a lower jaw in the cow is known as a (1 alama)

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Write short notes on how pathogenic bacteria spread diseases and infections. Use the following guide lines. a. Fimbriae/pili b. Toxins c. Transformation d. Resistance e. Flagella

1. Fimbriae/pili (2 alama)
2. Toxins (2 alama)
3. Transformation (2 alama)
4. Resistance (2 alama)
5. Flagella (2 alama)

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A potato was cut into a half, peeled and a hole was made at the centre. The half piece of potato was placed in a beaker containing water, and at the centre a strong sugar solution was placed then the set-up was placed for several hours. The level of the water was marked from the beaker and on the piece of potato, before and after the experiment. The set up of the experiment is shown below. i. The aim of this experiment was ____________________________________

1. Outline four (4) general characteristics of Kingdom Plantae. (0 alama)
2. The aim of this experiment was (1 alama)
3. Draw a well labeled diagram of the Moss plant. (0 alama)
4. Mention the reproductive parts of a moss plant. (0 alama)

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What do you observe on the levels of the water after the experiment in the beaker and that in the sugar solution on the piece of potato? Level of water in the beaker_______________________________________

1. What do you understand by the term “Muscle cramps“? (3 alama)
2. What do you understand by the term “Muscle cramps“? (0 alama)
3. Level of water in the beaker (1 alama)
4. Outline three (3) causes of muscle cramps. (0 alama)
5. Outline three (3) causes of muscle cramps. (3 alama)
6. Mention the two (2) types of muscle cramps that are likely to occur. (2 alama)
7. Mention the two (2) types of muscle cramps that are likely to occur. (0 alama)
8. List any three (3) situations that require First Aid. (0 alama)

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What do you observe on the levels of the water after the experiment in the beaker and that in the sugar solution on the piece of potato? Level of sugar solution in the potato ________________________________

1. Briefly explain four (4) ways of spreading communicable diseases. (0 alama)
2. Cholera _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (7 alama)
3. Level of sugar solution in the potato (1 alama)
4. Explain in short the following diseases: Cholera (0 alama)
5. Explain in short the following diseases: HIV and AIDS (0 alama)
6. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2 alama)
7. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2 alama)

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What will happen if the experiment is repeated with a potato that has been boiled? _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.

1. Mention two (2) main types of nutrition in organisms. (0 alama)
2. ____________________________ vitamins (1 alama)
3. What will happen if the experiment is repeated with a potato that has been boiled? (2 alama)
4. ____________________________ vitamins (1 alama)

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