You are provided with the following: Solution coded G1 (a solution of hydrochloric acid with unknown concentration) Solution G2, a standard sodium carbonate solution containing 2.65 g of Na₂CO₃ per dm³ Methyl orange indicator Instruction: Titrate G2 (from the burette) against G1 (in the titration flask) using methyl orange as the indicator. Record your results including one rough and three accurate titrations in a tabular form. (a) (i) State the colour change observed during the titration. (ii) What volume of the pipette was used in this titration? (iii) Determine the average volume of solution G2 used to neutralize G1. (iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between G1 and G2, including state symbols. (v) Write the ionic equation for the reaction. (vi) Calculate the concentration of solution G1 in mol/dm³.

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between G1 and G2, including state symbols. (2 alama)
2. Calculate the concentration of solution G1 in mol/dm³. (4 alama)

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You are provided with: • 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate labeled TQ • 0.1 M hydrochloric acid labeled TR • Distilled water • A stopwatch, beaker, test tubes, thermometer, and a sheet of paper with a black letter “Z” Follow the procedure below: (i) Pour 10 cm³ of TQ and 10 cm³ of TR into separate test tubes. (ii) Warm both test tubes in a water bath until the solution reaches 50°C. (iii) Mix the two solutions quickly into a 50 cm³ beaker placed on the paper with letter “Z” and start the stopwatch. (iv) Record the time it takes for the letter “Z” to disappear. (v) Repeat the experiment at different temperatures using the same volumes and procedures. (a) Record the room temperature in Kelvin. (b) Explain why the mark “Z” disappeared. (c) Complete the table by adding time and temperature values from your trials. (d) (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between TQ and TR, showing all state symbols. (ii) Write the net ionic equation. (e) Plot a graph of temperature (K) against time (s). (f) What does the shape of the graph suggest about the effect of temperature on reaction rate?

1. Record the room temperature in Kelvin. (1 alama)
2. Explain why the mark “Z” disappeared. (2 alama)
3. Complete the table by adding time and temperature values from your trials. (4 alama)
4. Write the net ionic equation. (1 alama)
5. Plot a graph of temperature (K) against time (s). (3 alama)
6. What does the shape of the graph suggest about the effect of temperature on reaction rate? (2 alama)

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You are given a salt coded Q. It contains one cation and one anion. Carry out a qualitative analysis to identify both ions. Use the following tests: (a) Record the appearance of salt Q. (b) Test the action of heat on dry Q. (c) Dissolve the salt in distilled water. (d) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide dropwise, then in excess, to the solution of Q. (e) Add aqueous ammonia to the solution of Q. (f) Add barium chloride solution followed by dilute hydrochloric acid. (g) Add silver nitrate solution followed by dilute nitric acid. Questions (i) Prepare a table showing your observations and inferences for each test. (ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the test in step (d). (iii) Identify the cation and anion in salt Q. (iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between salt Q and sodium carbonate solution.

1. Prepare a table showing your observations and inferences for each test. (10 alama)
2. Write the balanced chemical equation for the test in step (d). (3 alama)
3. Identify the cation and anion in salt Q. (2 alama)
4. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between salt Q and sodium carbonate solution. (2 alama)

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