You are provided with the following: Solution coded H1, which is a solution of sodium hydroxide of unknown concentration Solution H2, a standard hydrochloric acid solution containing 3.65 g of HCl per dm³ Phenolphthalein indicator Instruction: Titrate H2 (from the burette) against H1 (in the conical flask) using phenolphthalein indicator. Record your results including one rough and three accurate titrations in a clear tabular form.

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between H1 and H2, including physical states. (2 alama)
2. Calculate the concentration of solution H1 in mol/dm³. (4 alama)

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You are provided with: 0.1 M potassium iodide solution labeled M1 0.1 M hydrogen peroxide solution labeled M2 Dilute sulfuric acid labeled M3 A starch indicator solution Stopwatch and thermometer Follow the procedure below: (i) Mix 5 cm³ of M1, 5 cm³ of M2, and 5 cm³ of M3 in a clean test tube. (ii) Add two drops of starch solution and quickly start the stopwatch. (iii) Record the time taken for the blue-black colour to appear. (iv) Repeat the procedure at different temperatures: 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. (v) Record time and temperature readings in a table.

1. Record the room temperature in Kelvin. (1 alama)
2. Why did the blue-black colour appear? (2 alama)
3. Complete the table by filling in the temperature (K) and time (s) columns. (3 alama)
4. Write the ionic equation showing the role of hydrogen peroxide. (2 alama)
5. Plot a graph of temperature (K) against time (s). (3 alama)
6. State the relationship between temperature and reaction time as seen on the graph. (2 alama)

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You are given a salt coded R that contains one cation and one anion. Perform the following tests to identify the ions: (a) Observe and record the physical appearance of salt R. (b) Test the effect of heating the dry salt. (c) Test solubility of the salt in distilled water. (d) Add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise, then in excess, to the solution of R. (e) Add aqueous ammonia dropwise, then in excess. (f) Add dilute nitric acid, followed by barium chloride solution. (g) Add silver nitrate solution followed by dilute nitric acid.

1. Prepare a clear table showing observations and inferences from each test. (8 alama)
2. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in test (d). (2 alama)
3. Identify the cation and anion present in salt R. (4 alama)
4. Write a balanced chemical equation between salt R and sodium carbonate. (2 alama)

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