CSEE Physics Paper 1 2021 — Past Paper & Online Quiz

1. 20 alamas

(a) Place a plain paper on the soft board and pin it using thumb pins. 0 alama

(a) Draw a circuit diagram of the set up outlined in Procedures (a) and (b). 3 alama

(b) Starting with R = 30 Ω, find the balance length AC=L along the metre bridge wire AB to the nearest centimetre. 0 alama

(ii) State any three simple steps a teacher/laboratory technician needs to observe to develop safety consciousness. 3 alama

(b) Measure the length $X_e$ of the wire W equal to 20 cm and clip the crocodile clip C at the end of this length. Find the balance length $l$ as measured from the end with 5 Ω resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance R in the right-hand gap. Increase $X_e$ by 20cm each time and obtain corresponding values of $X_e$ and $l$. Tabulate your readings (a total of 6 readings are required). 6 alama

(ii) the specifications given in the checklist should be adhered; 0 alama

(c) Repeat the procedure in part (b) for other values of R obtained by decreasing in steps of 5 Ω up to R = 5 Ω. 0 alama

(none) Explain the initial step when using electronic/digital Vernier Callipers to ensure proper zeroing. 0 alama

(iii) the apparatuses, materials and equipment accommodate the number of candidates registered; 0 alama

(k) What is the physical significance of the intercept along x-axis in (j)? 0 alama

(k) Determine the gradient of the graph. 0 alama

(c) Plot a graph of R against $X_e$. 3 alama

(d) Tabulate the values of R against L and include in your table the values of P= $\frac{1}{100-L}$. 0 alama

(iii) Informing students about hazards and risks before experiments. 1 alama

(e) Plot a graph of P against R. 0 alama

(iv) the normal laboratory fittings are working properly; and 0 alama

(l) What is the significance of the gradient of the graph? 0 alama

(d) Using your graph, deduce (i) the value of unknown resistance R (ii) the resistance per unit length of the wire W. 4 alama

(l) What is the significance of the gradient of the graph? 0 alama

(iv) Identifying hazards in an experiment. 1 alama

(m) What happens to static friction as the total mass on the wooden board increases? 0 alama

(h) Use the values calculated in (g) and the equation $f = \frac{v}{4\left(l+e\right)}$ to determine the velocity, $v$ of sound in air and the end correction, $e$. 2 alama

(f) Evaluate (i) the slope M of the best line (ii) the reciprocal N of M where N= $\frac{1}{M}$. 0 alama

(v) measuring instruments are calibrated. 0 alama

(m) What happens to static friction as the total mass on the wooden board increases? 0 alama

(v) Assessing risks by considering effects and chances of occurrence. 1 alama

(e) Find the resistivity of the material of the wire W. 2 alama

(f) State any two sources of error and precautions taken in this experiment. 2 alama

(vi) Controlling risks by implementing control measures. 1 alama

(g) Write the formula of the balanced bridge, hence discuss the physical meaning of N. 0 alama

(i) Mention two sources of errors and precautions taken in this experiment. 2 alama

(g) State any two sources of error and precautions taken in this experiment. 0 alama

(h) Identify any two sources of errors in this experiment. 0 alama

(j) State Newton's Law of Cooling. Compare the results in (i) with Newton's Law of Cooling and comment on the outcome. 1 alama

(i) Give two precautions that must be taken in performing this experiment? 0 alama

(j) Using the equation developed in part (i), calculate the specific heat capacity, $C_b$ of brass. 0 alama

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4. 0 alamas

The force of gravity and acceleration are always directed downward towards the earth. This type of motion is called free-fall its acceleration is caused by gravity g. Objects falling under the influence of gravity are examples of objects moving with constant acceleration. One way in which the value for the acceleration due to gravity can be determined is by observing the motion of a simple pendulum. Specific objective  Determination of the acceleration due to gravity, g. Apparatuses and materials When a checklist is sent to schools/colleges, teachers in charge/laboratory technicians are required to make sure that all the apparatuses and materials listed are available. Under this topic, the following list of apparatuses and materials should be organised: Calibrated stopwatches, retort stand with clamps, two wooden parts each of 5 cm  3 cm  1 cm or rubber cork split into two halves, pendulum bobs, inextensible string/thread, and metre rulers. Sample Question: Determination of the acceleration due to gravity by means of a simple pendulum. Apparatuses and Materials Calibrated stopwatch, retort stand with its clamp, two wooden parts each of 5 cm  3 cm  1 cm or rubber cork split into two halves, pendulum bob, inextensible string/thread, metre rule Procedures (a) Tie a piece of thread to the pendulum bob. (b) Fix the free end of the thread between the pads with the help of the retort stand and the clamp. (c) Ensure that the length of the thread from the fixed point to the bob is about 90 cm as shown in Figure 19:

(c) Ensure that the length of the thread from the fixed point to the bob is about 90 cm as shown in Figure 19: 0 alama

(g) Plot a graph of L against T2. 3 alama

(a) Before taking any reading, teachers-in charge/laboratory technicians should observe the following (Do‟s): using a ratchet, close the jaws until the anvil and spindle faces touch one another; 1 alama

(a) Mention two (2) types of micrometer screw gauges. 2 alama

(d) Repeat the procedures in parts (b) and (c) by reducing the length, l by 5 cm to obtain four other readings. 0 alama

(ii) What should school laboratory staff be aware of to prevent accidents? 3 alama

(b) State the use of a micrometer screw gauge. 1 alama

(e) Tabulate your results including the values of T² and l³. 0 alama

(f) Plot a graph of T² against l³ and determine its slope. 0 alama

(g) Determine Young‟s modulus, E of the material from equation, $\pi^2 = 0.625ET^2 (l/d)^3$. 0 alama

(g (i)) Using your graph, deduce the value of unknown resistance R. 0 alama

(g (ii) Using your graph, deduce the resistance per unit length of the wire W. 0 alama

(h) Find the resistivity of the material of the wire W. 0 alama

(i) State any two sources of error and precautions taken in this experiment. 0 alama

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5. 20 alamas

You are required to compare the time taken by a substance to cool based on a fixed temperature range for a blackened calorimeter and the same calorimeter covered with metal foil. Record your results in the table below. | Temperature $\theta$/ oC | Time taken to cool from 0 C to 0 C in blackened calorimeter (s) | Time taken to cool from 0 C to 0 C in calorimeter covered with foil (s) | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | |

Temperature $\theta$/ oC	Time taken to cool from 0 C to 0 C in blackened calorimeter (s)	Time taken to cool from 0 C to 0 C in calorimeter covered with foil (s)
0
0
0
0
0
0

(a) What should teachers-in charge/laboratory technicians observe before taking any reading using a micrometer screw gauge? 2 alama

(h) Calculate the slope of the graph. 3 alama

(a) Pour the water from the calorimeter into the measuring cylinder and record its volume as $V$. 1 alama

(i) Ratchet 1 alama

(ii) Frame 1 alama

(b) List any five most important first aid skills to be acquired by the teacher in charge/laboratory technician. 5 alama

(b) Cover the outer surface of the same calorimeter (after washing) with the metal foil provided by using rubber bands. Use the same volume $V$ of hot water at about $0\degree C$ as in part (c) to fill the calorimeter covered with foil. Then, repeat the procedures outlined in part (b). Note that the initial temperatures should be the same for both cases. 2 alama

(c) Explain the importance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). 2 alama

(iii) Anvil 1 alama

(c) Using the same axes, draw the cooling curves for the blackened calorimeter with its content and calorimeter with a metal foil together with its content. 3 alama

(iv) Spindle 1 alama

(d) From each curve, estimate the time taken to cool from $0\degree C$ to $0\degree C$. 4 alama

(v) Sleeve/Barrel 1 alama

(e) With reasons, comment on your results. 10 alama

(vi) Screw 1 alama

(vii) Thimble/Circular scale 1 alama

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6. 1 alama

The property of matter by which it resists change in its state of rest or uniform motion is called:

A. Mass

B. Weight

C. Inertia

D. Momentum

7. 1 alama

The unit of power is:

A. Joule

B. Watt

C. Newton

D. Volt

8. 1 alama

The process by which light is reflected from a surface is called:

A. Refraction

B. Diffraction

C. Reflection

D. Dispersion

9. 1 alama

Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

A. Rubber

B. Glass

C. Copper

D. Wood

10. 0 alamas

Hooke's Law is obeyed by all substances if they remain within their elastic limit. The law states that within the elastic limit, the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded. The experiment has found that the ratio (stretching force/extension), is nearly constant, that is stretching force = spring constant × extension. The plotted graph of the stretching force against extension is a straight line showing that the stretching force of a spiral spring is directly proportional to the extension which portrays Hooke‟s Law.

(j) Comment with reason(s) regarding whether Hooke's Law has been obeyed. 0 alama

(ii) make sure that the Zero mark of the thimble scale aligns with the datum line/central line of the main scale; 0 alama

(a) Draw a free-body diagram showing all the forces acting on the cylinder. 2 alama

(h) Repeat part (g) for 200g 300 g, 400 g and 500 g. 3 alama

(b) State the conditions for the cylinder to be in equilibrium. 2 alama

(iii) when turning the ratchet, the thimble should be moved without stacking. Figure 2 is illustrative; 0 alama

(c) If a horizontal force is applied at the top of the cylinder, what will happen to the normal force and the friction force for the cylinder to remain in equilibrium? 2 alama

(iv) the body used to hold the anvil and barrel firmly in their place is called a frame. It is a thick C-shaped frame with a mass which helps to minimise expansion or contraction due to temperature changes. Some manufacturers also deliver gauges with insulated frames to serve this purpose; 0 alama

(v) an anvil is the fixed part mounted at one end of a frame. If is parallel to the moving spindle which moves towards it. The anvil face, which comes directly in contact with the object being measured, is made extremely fine to achieve the highest degree of precision; 0 alama

(vi) a spindle is the cylindrical part, which is displaced by rotation of the thimble, hence reducing the clearance between itself and the anvil until the object being measured stabilises. In modern micrometer screw gauges, the anvil and spindle open face are tipped with carbide; 0 alama

(vii) a sleeve/barrel is a stationary part with a linear scale called the main scale. It also covers the screw mechanism of the screw gauge with adjustable sleeves, which makes it easy to eliminate the zero error; 0 alama

((viii) a screw is the most important part of the instrument because all the measurement is done through it. Very fine stainless-steel screws are used for this purpose with a definite pitch; 0 alama

(ix) a thimble/circular scale is the part through which a measuring screw is rotated. The screwing results in the displacement of the spindle and the thimble itself; 0 alama

(x) a ratchet is a small device used to provide a limited applied force. It is installed at the right end of screw gauge and serves as a safety device for instruments. Moreover, it adds more precision in measurement. The final adjustment is made by a making three turns of the ratchet; and 0 alama

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11. 0 alamas

(i) What is a locking device in the context of a micrometer screw gauge? 0 alama

(a) What is a manometer? 1 alama

(a) Setting 1 alama

(ii) Explain how the zero error of some micrometer screw gauges can be corrected using a screwed anvil. 0 alama

(b) Name the liquid used in the U-tube manometer. 1 alama

(b) Standardising 1 alama

(c) Calculate the pressure of the gas in the container if the difference in mercury levels is 0.1 m. 2 alama

(iii) What is a 'Don't' when using a micrometer screw gauge, and what are the consequences? 0 alama

(iv) What are the two types of Vernier Callipers? 0 alama

(d) What would happen to the level of the liquid if the pressure of the gas in the container was increased? 1 alama

(v) What is the function of Vernier Callipers? 0 alama

(vi) What should be checked for when using analogue Vernier Callipers before taking a reading? 0 alama

(vii) What is a frequent issue to check for when using electronic/digital Vernier Callipers? 0 alama

((viii) What button does an electronic/digital calliper have to reset the value, and when should it be used? 0 alama

Boresha ili kuona majibu ya mfano.

3. 12 alamas

Figure 25 shows an experimental setup for determining the refractive index of water.

(appar) Apart from the normal laboratory fittings, teachers in charge/laboratory technicians should prepare the following apparatuses and materials for each set of the experiment: G-clamp, wooden metre rule, standard mass of 100 g, and stopwatch. 0 alama

(a) Put 20 g of Naphthalene in a test-tube. 1 alama

(a) State five (5) common apparatuses, equipment and materials that are usually found in a physics laboratory. 5 alama

(none) List any five (5) common apparatuses, equipment and materials used in a Physics laboratory. 5 alama

(f) Plot the graph of $U_X$ against $U_W$. 3 alama

(b) Place one pin (object pin) at the bottom of the measuring cylinder so that it rests touching the wall of the cylinder and then fill the measuring cylinder with water of about 150cm$^3$ whose refractive index is to be determined. 1 alama

(c) Clamp the pin fixed onto the cork (search pin) as shown in Figure 25. Move the search pin up and down along the edge of the measuring cylinder until there is no parallax between the search pin and the image of the pin at the bottom of the cylinder. Locate the image position and measure its depth Z from the surface of the liquid. Also, measure the depth Y of the liquid from its free surface to the object pin. 3 alama

(b) Hang the test-tube vertically using a retort stand. 1 alama

(g) Deduce the slope of the graph. 1 alama

(ii) What may cause accidents during laboratory practices? 1 alama

(iii) What serves as a moral charter when performing laboratory experiments? 2 alama

(c) Fill the beaker with water and place it on the tripod stand and heat the water. Allow the temperature of water to reach about 40°C. 1 alama

(h) What is the physical meaning of the slope? 2 alama

(d) Repeat the experiment with 175cm$^3$, 200cm$^3$, 225cm$^3$, and 250cm$^3$ of water in the measuring cylinder. Tabulate your results for the volume of liquid V in the measuring cylinder Z and Y. 3 alama

(d) Place the test-tube containing naphthalene into the hot water in the beaker. Ensure that the naphthalene is completely immersed in water. Insert the thermometer into the naphthalene without touching the sides or bottom of the test-tube. Record the initial temperature of naphthalene. 1 alama

(e) Plot the graph of Y versus Z. 2 alama

(i) Plot the graph of angle, Dº against angle, iº. 0 alama

(e) Record the temperature of naphthalene at intervals of 1 minute until it has completely melted and the temperature starts to rise. Plot a graph of temperature against time. 1 alama

(f) Determine the slope of the graph. 1 alama

(f (i)) Evaluate the slope M of the best line. 0 alama

(j) From the graph determine the angle of minimum deviation, Dm. 0 alama

(g) What is the physical meaning of the slope? 1 alama

(k) The refractive index of the material used in the prism can be shown as $n = \frac{\sin(\frac{A+D_m}{2})}{\sin(\frac{A}{2})}$, where D is the angle of minimum deviation and A is the angle of the prism. Determine the refractive index of the materials of the prism. 0 alama

(f (ii) Evaluate the reciprocal N of M where N = 1/M. 0 alama

(h) State two sources of errors and precautions taken in this experiment. 2 alama

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14. 3 alamas

A horizontal force of 10 N is applied to a block of mass 2 kg resting on a smooth horizontal surface. Calculate:

(a) The acceleration of the block. 2 alama

(none) Identify THREE skills required for a person in charge of a laboratory. 3 alama

(b) The distance moved by the block in 4 seconds. 1 alama

(c) Convert the density of the liquid to $kg/m^3$. ($1 g/cm^3 = 1000 kg/m^3$) 2 alama

(d) Based on the density, suggest what the liquid might be (e.g., water, oil, alcohol). 1 alama

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15. 3 alamas

Define friction and list two factors that affect the magnitude of friction.

(a) Definition of friction: 1 alama

(a) The role of calibration in laboratory management. 2 alama

(b) Factors affecting friction: 2 alama

(b) Why it is important to check for and reject fake laboratory apparatuses and materials. 2 alama

(c) Do not use a dry cell that is exhausted. 1 alama

(d) The normal laboratory fittings are working properly. 1 alama

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0. 0 alamas

Sample question 3: Verification of Newton‟s Law of Cooling. Apparatuses and materials When a checklist is sent to schools/colleges, teachers in charge/laboratory technicians must make sure that all the apparatuses and materials listed are available. For this topic, the following apparatuses and materials should be prepared: Copper calorimeter with its accessories, a thermometer, a stopwatch, a heater/ burner, liquid (water), a retort stands with its clamp, a Beaker of 250 ml, and wooden block of 20 cm  10 cm  7 cm. Procedures (a) Fill the beaker provided with some cold water. (b) Heat the beaker and its content on a Bunsen burner (or any other heating source) until the water reaches a temperature of about 90 ºC. (c) Then, pour the hot water into the calorimeter until it is about three quarters full before setting the calorimeter up as shown in Figure 27:

(ii) Explain the function of the Thimble scale alignment with the datum line. 0 alama

(a) Place the prism on a white plain paper fixed on a drawn board and trace its edges using a sharp pencil. 0 alama

(a) Fill the beaker provided with some cold water. 0 alama

(g) Remove the pins and draw small circles around the pin pricks. Remove the mirror as well. 0 alama

(iii) Explain the function of the ratchet when turning. 0 alama

(h) Join S and T and produce a straight line to meet at O. Measure ∠AON = i and ∠CON = r. 0 alama

(b) Heat the beaker and its content on a Bunsen burner (or any other heating source) until the water reaches a temperature of about 90 ºC. 0 alama

(b) Remove the prism and draw a line XY and mark its midpoint Q and draw normal NQM at the right angles to XY by a dotted line. 0 alama

(d) Heat the water to warm the test-tube until the Naphthalene melts. Record its temperature as θ . n 0 alama

(iv) Explain the function of the frame. 0 alama

(i) Repeat procedures (d) to (h) for angle of incidence i=30°,40°,50° and 60°. Tabulate your results. 0 alama

(c) Draw a line PQ whose angle of incidence, i (˂PQN) is 30° is as shown in Figure 24. 0 alama

(c) Then, pour the hot water into the calorimeter until it is about three quarters full before setting the calorimeter up as shown in Figure 27: 0 alama

(e) Insert the thermometer into the melted Naphthalene and continue heating up to about 89 °C. 0 alama

(f) Turn off the heat simultaneously, start the stopwatch and record the temperature falls, θ at an interval of 30 seconds for 16 minutes. 0 alama

(j) Draw a graph of angle of incidence i against angle of reflection r. 0 alama

(d) Place the triangular prism vertically with the triangular base down on the paper so that the midpoint of the edge AB of the prism coincides with the midpoint Q of the line XY as shown in the Figure 24. Draw the outline ABC of the prism. 0 alama

(v) Explain the function of the anvil. 0 alama

(g) Tabulate your results. 0 alama

(e) Use the slope and the equation T = 2$\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}$ to calculate the acceleration due to gravity, g. 0 alama

(k) Determine the slope of your graph. 0 alama

(vi) Explain the function of the spindle. 0 alama

(l) State the law governing this experiment. 0 alama

(h) Plot a graph of temperature, θ against time, t. 0 alama

(vii) Explain the function of the sleeve/barrel. 0 alama

((viii) Explain the function of the screw. 0 alama

(i) Use your graph to determine the melting point. 0 alama

(m) What is the relation of angle i and angle r? 0 alama

(ix) Explain the function of the thimble/circular scale. 0 alama

(j) Compare the temperature of the melting point of Naphthalene which was obtained from the graph with that obtained in part (d). 0 alama

(x) Explain the function of the ratchet. 0 alama

(xi) Explain the function of the locking device. 0 alama

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2. 0 alamas

Sample question 4: Determination of unknown resistance, R and resistivity  using the meter bridge circuit.

(speci) List the specific objectives for this topic. 0 alama

(i) handle with care the information given in the 3 hours practical advance instructions; 0 alama

(a) Using a micrometre screw gauge, measure the width b and thickness d of a metre ruler. 3 alama

(a) Put 20 g of Naphthalene in a test-tube. 0 alama

(g) Prepare the results as shown in the following table: 0 alama

(b) Clamp firmly the loaded wooden metre rule to the edge of the bench by G-clamp with length, $l = 70$ cm projected from it as shown in Figure 17: 7 alama

(b) Hang the test-tube vertically using a retort stand. 0 alama

(h) Plot a graph of V against I. 0 alama

(ii) read carefully and understand the list of apparatuses and materials provided in each category; 0 alama

(appar) List the apparatuses and materials that should be prepared for this topic. 0 alama

(c) State any two concerns of laboratory management mentioned in the text. 2 alama

(iii) arrange apparatuses and materials as prescribed in the 3 hours practical advance instructions; 0 alama

(c) Fill the eureka can with water until it overflows through the spout. Allow the overflowing water to run until the last drop. 1 alama

(i) Find the slope of the graph. 0 alama

(j) What is the physical meaning of the slope? 0 alama

(d) Set the apparatus as shown in Figure 13. 1 alama

(iv) display the arranged list of apparatuses and materials on the bench according to the number of candidates registered in a particular examination; 0 alama

(d) Describe the "Standardize" step, including its objective and how it is achieved. 2 alama

(k) State the possible sources of errors in this experiment. 0 alama

(discu) What is the relationship between the period of oscillation (T) and the mass (m) and spring constant (K) of an oscillating spring? 2 alama

(e) Carefully lower the stone into the eureka can until it is wholly immersed in the water and record the volume v of the displaced water. 2 alama

(v) make sure that each candidate has apparatuses and materials as per 3 hours practical advance instructions; and 0 alama

(e) Describe the "Sustain" step, including its objective and how it is achieved. 2 alama

(l) What are the precautions to be taken in performing this experiment? 0 alama

(f) Repeat procedure (e) for other four stones in increasing/ascending order of mass. 2 alama

(vi) in case there is more than one examination session, teachers in charge/laboratory technicians ought to rearrange and replace (where necessary) the apparatuses and materials (where necessary) before the next session. 0 alama

(f) Always adjust the rheostat until the ammeter pointer is exactly on the division of the meter scale before taking the reading. 0 alama

(nb) State two important precautions to be observed during this experiment. 2 alama

(g) Quickly transfer the metal brass from hot water to the calorimeter with cold water and start the stopwatch. 0 alama

(h) Keep stirring until the mixture attains a steady temperature. Record this constant temperature as θf. 1 alama

(j) Using the equation developed in part (i), calculate the specific heat capacity, Cb of brass. 3 alama

(k) Determine the density, r of the liquid. 1 alama

(l) Compute the surface tension, g of the liquid from the equation, g = (p/6) * (1/r) * (8*pi*r) * (2/3) * (rho*g*S)/(1.9) 3 alama

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Physics · Karatasi 1 · 2021

Physics · Karatasi 1 · 2021

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Sehemu C

Sehemu D

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